What tests are done to diagnose femoral head necrosis?

The diagnosis of femoral head necrosis requires imaging examinations, such as X-rays, CT, MRI, etc., combined with clinical symptoms and medical history. Early diagnosis is crucial for treatment to avoid worsening of the disease.

1. X-ray examination

X-rays are a common method for initial screening of femoral head necrosis, which can show changes in bone morphology. In the early stages of femoral head necrosis, there may be no obvious abnormalities, but as the disease progresses, X-rays may show bone sclerosis, cystic changes, or collapse of the joint surface. X-ray examinations are relatively inexpensive and are suitable as a preliminary screening method.

2. CT examination

CT can provide clearer three-dimensional images of bones, helping doctors observe subtle structural changes in the femoral head. CT is more sensitive to early lesions than X-rays and can detect destruction of trabeculae and changes in bone density. CT examination is suitable for cases that cannot be clearly diagnosed by X-rays.

3. MRI

MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing femoral head necrosis, especially for early lesions. MRI can show changes in bone marrow edema, bone necrosis areas and surrounding soft tissues, with high sensitivity and specificity. MRI has no radiation and is suitable for repeated examinations, but it is expensive.

4. Bone scan

Bone scans can detect abnormal blood supply and metabolic changes in the femoral head through radionuclide imaging. Bone scans have a high sensitivity for early lesions, but low specificity, and are often used as an auxiliary examination method.

5. Clinical symptoms and medical history

In addition to imaging examinations, doctors will also make a comprehensive judgment based on the patient's clinical symptoms such as hip pain, limited mobility, and medical history such as long-term use of hormones, alcoholism, and trauma. Early symptoms may not be obvious, but as the disease progresses, pain and dysfunction will gradually worsen.

Early diagnosis of femoral head necrosis is crucial, and imaging examination is the main means. X-ray, CT, and MRI each have their own advantages, and the doctor will choose the appropriate examination method according to the condition. Early detection and treatment measures can effectively delay the progression of the disease and improve the patient's quality of life.