Does anal fistula require surgery?

Treatment of anal fistula usually requires surgery, depending on the severity of the condition and symptoms. Anal fistula is caused by infection of the glands around the anus. Surgery is the main method of radical cure. Non-surgical treatments such as antibiotics and sitz baths can relieve symptoms but are difficult to cure completely. For complex or recurrent anal fistulas, surgery is the preferred option. Commonly used procedures include fistulotomy, fistulectomy and hanging thread therapy.

1. The causes of anal fistula are complex and are mainly related to anal gland infection. Long-term constipation, diarrhea or inflammation around the anus may cause gland blockage and infection, forming abscesses, and fistulas after the abscesses rupture. Genetic factors such as familial gland abnormalities may also increase the risk of disease. External factors such as poor eating habits, long-term sitting or local trauma may also induce anal fistula.

2. Surgical treatment is the main method for anal fistula. Fistulotomy is suitable for simple anal fistula, and it promotes healing by cutting the fistula. Fistulectomy is suitable for complex anal fistula, and it completely removes the fistula and surrounding diseased tissue. Hanging thread therapy promotes fistula healing by hanging thread drainage, and is suitable for high anal fistula. After surgery, attention should be paid to wound care to avoid infection and recurrence.

3. Non-surgical treatment can be used as an auxiliary means. Antibiotics such as metronidazole and cephalosporins can control infection and relieve symptoms. Sitz baths with warm water or potassium permanganate solution can promote local blood circulation and relieve pain and inflammation. Dietary adjustments such as increasing fiber intake and drinking more water can improve bowel movements and reduce local irritation.

4. Postoperative care and prevention of recurrence are crucial. Keep the anus clean and dry, avoid sitting for long periods of time or exerting excessive force during bowel movements. Check regularly to detect and deal with abnormalities in a timely manner. A healthy lifestyle such as regular work and rest and moderate exercise can enhance immunity and reduce the risk of recurrence.

The treatment of anal fistula is mainly surgical, and postoperative care and preventive measures are equally important. Timely medical treatment and choosing appropriate treatment plans according to the doctor's advice can effectively control the disease and improve the quality of life.