What causes perianal abscess?

Perianal abscess is a localized purulent lesion caused by anal gland infection or inflammation. Its main causes include anal gland obstruction, bacterial infection, trauma or secondary infection of intestinal diseases, which requires early identification and targeted treatment to avoid further harm.

The causes of perianal abscesses are closely related to multiple factors. Although genetic factors are rare, some people are born with narrow anal gland structures, which can easily lead to poor discharge of anal gland secretions, leading to blockage and inflammation. Environmental factors, such as poor hygiene habits, chronic constipation or diarrhea, increase the risk of bacterial invasion around the anus, especially common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which can easily lead to the spread of infection. Changes in one's own physiological conditions, such as low immunity and diabetes, may cause inflammation after local microbial colonization. Trauma is also a trigger point, such as bacterial invasion of wounds caused by perianal abrasions, anal fissures or anal surgery. More serious is the influence of certain pathological diseases, such as Crohn's disease, tuberculosis or ulcerative colitis, which may lead to inflammation and abscesses of perianal tissues. Sometimes, tumor compression or anorectal dysfunction can also provide conditions for the onset of the disease.

When treating perianal abscesses, mild cases can be controlled by drugs, including oral antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (anti-inflammatory effect), cephalosporins (broad-spectrum antibacterial) and the addition of metronidazole (for anaerobic bacteria) to inhibit the reproduction of pathogens. If the abscess is large, surgical intervention is required, usually with incision and drainage (to relieve pain and pressure), anal fistula treatment, or anal sinus resection if necessary to prevent recurrence. After surgery, warm water sitz baths, fumigation and topical application of anti-inflammatory ointments (such as mupirocin ointment) can promote healing. In terms of diet, it is recommended to consume more foods rich in dietary fiber such as oats, sweet potatoes and green leafy vegetables to reduce the chance of getting angry or constipation. At the same time, pay attention to the amount of water you drink, ensuring 1500-2000 ml per day. Moderate exercise such as walking and yoga can also help blood circulation and toxin excretion.

If you notice typical symptoms such as pain, fever or swelling in the perianal area, you should pay attention to it and seek medical attention as soon as possible. Perianal abscesses not only affect your daily life, but may also cause serious complications such as anal fistulas. During treatment, you should maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, pay attention to rest, avoid sitting for long periods of time and eating spicy foods. This will not only speed up recovery, but also effectively prevent recurrence and help maintain long-term health.