What is acute osteomyelitis? Is it serious?

Acute osteomyelitis is an inflammation of the bone marrow caused by bacterial infection. It is a serious condition and requires prompt treatment. The main symptoms include local pain, fever, redness and swelling. In severe cases, it may lead to bone destruction, sepsis and even amputation. Treatment includes antibiotics, surgery and rehabilitation care.

1. Causes of acute osteomyelitis

Acute osteomyelitis is usually caused by bacterial infection, and the most common pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. The infection routes include trauma, surgical infection, and blood transmission. Trauma such as fractures or open wounds can allow bacteria to directly invade the bone marrow; surgical infection is often caused by incomplete disinfection or improper postoperative care; blood transmission is common in people with low immunity, and bacteria reach the bone marrow through the blood circulation. Genetic and environmental factors may also increase the risk of disease.

2. Symptoms of acute osteomyelitis

The typical symptoms of acute osteomyelitis are severe local pain, redness, swelling, and fever. Patients often experience general fatigue, chills, and high fever. The disease progresses rapidly. If not treated in time, it may lead to bone destruction, joint dysfunction, and even sepsis or septicemia, which are life-threatening. Children and the elderly may have more severe symptoms due to their weaker immunity.

3. Treatment of acute osteomyelitis

The key to treating acute osteomyelitis is early diagnosis and timely intervention. Antibiotics are the first choice of treatment. Commonly used drugs include penicillins, cephalosporins and vancomycin. Appropriate antibiotics should be selected according to the results of bacterial culture. The course of treatment is usually 4-6 weeks. For severe cases, surgical debridement is required to remove necrotic tissue and pus, and drainage tubes should be implanted if necessary. Postoperative rehabilitation care, such as physical therapy and functional exercises, is required to help restore joint mobility.

4. Prevention and care

The key to preventing acute osteomyelitis is to avoid infection. Keep the wound clean, treat trauma in time, and avoid skin damage. Strictly disinfect before and after surgery, and pay attention to wound care after surgery. Enhance immunity and maintain a healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet, moderate exercise, and adequate sleep. For high-risk groups, such as diabetics or those with low immunity, regular physical examinations are required to detect and treat potential infections in a timely manner.

Acute osteomyelitis is a serious infectious disease. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are the key to improving prognosis. Patients should actively cooperate with doctors in treatment and pay attention to daily prevention and care to avoid worsening of the disease.