Common causes of congenital hydrocephalus

Congenital hydrocephalus is the excessive accumulation of fluid in the ventricles due to cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorders or abnormal absorption. Common causes include genetic factors, developmental abnormalities, infection, bleeding, etc. Treatment methods include drug therapy, surgical treatment and rehabilitation training.

1. Genetic factors

Some congenital hydrocephalus is related to heredity, and certain gene mutations may lead to abnormal development of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation system. For example, mutations in the L1CAM gene on chromosome X are associated with hydrocephalus. People with a family history of similar diseases need to pay special attention, and genetic testing and genetic counseling are recommended.

2. Developmental abnormalities

During fetal development, structural abnormalities of the ventricular system may occur, such as stenosis or atresia of the cerebral aqueduct, which prevents the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid. This condition is usually detected during prenatal ultrasound examination, and early intervention can help improve prognosis.

3. Infection and bleeding

Maternal infection with certain viruses during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus and rubella virus, may cause abnormal fetal brain development, leading to hydrocephalus. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage may also disrupt the cerebrospinal fluid circulation system, increasing the risk of disease. Regular prenatal checkups and infection prevention during pregnancy are essential.

4. Treatment methods

Drug treatment: Use drugs such as acetazolamide to reduce cerebrospinal fluid secretion, which is suitable for patients with mild hydrocephalus.

Surgical treatment: Common surgical methods include ventriculoperitoneal shunt, endoscopic third ventriculostomy, etc., which can effectively relieve cerebrospinal fluid accumulation.

Rehabilitation training: Physical therapy, language training, etc. are provided to help patients recover their functions for movement or cognitive impairment caused by hydrocephalus.

Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hydrocephalus are crucial to improving prognosis. Genetic counseling, prenatal care and timely intervention can effectively reduce the risk of disease and improve quality of life.