Why do we have gallstones?

The formation of gallstones is usually closely related to abnormal changes in bile composition in the body. Its main causes include high cholesterol, insufficient bile emptying function, and reduced bile salts in the bile. Gallstones may not have obvious symptoms in the early stages, but some patients will experience abdominal discomfort or pain. If there are severe symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

Simply put, bile is a liquid composed of cholesterol, bile salts, and lecithin, which is responsible for digesting fat. When the proportion of cholesterol in bile is too high and the proportion of bile salts or lecithin is insufficient, cholesterol crystals are easily produced, and these crystals gradually grow larger and form stones. In addition to abnormal composition, the gallbladder cannot effectively empty bile, and long-term retention can easily lead to the formation of stones.

A high-fat, high-cholesterol diet may increase the concentration of cholesterol in bile; while rapid weight loss, pregnancy, or malabsorption may cause the gallbladder to contract weakly and bile discharge to slow down. People with genetic factors, aging, obesity, and certain metabolic diseases (such as diabetes) are also at high risk of gallstones.

To prevent gallstones, try eating more fiber-rich foods, such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, to help maintain a balanced bile composition. Regular exercise can boost metabolism and reduce cholesterol accumulation. When managing your weight, avoid losing weight too quickly, especially by dieting with too few calories per day. If you have a family history or notice related symptoms, see a doctor as soon as possible to avoid worsening of the condition.