What is the reason for the fetus to be diagnosed with congenital heart disease?

The reasons for the fetal diagnosis of congenital heart disease may be related to genetic, environmental, physiological, traumatic and pathological factors. Treatment should be determined according to the specific condition, including surgery, drug treatment, etc. At the same time, attention should be paid to health management during pregnancy.

1. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of congenital heart disease. If parents or close relatives have a history of heart disease, the risk of fetal disease may increase. Certain gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities may also lead to abnormal heart development. For example, patients with Down syndrome often have heart defects. Pregnant women with a family history are recommended to undergo genetic screening and genetic counseling in early pregnancy to assess the risk of fetal disease.

2. Environmental factors have a significant impact on fetal heart development. Exposure to certain drugs, chemicals or radiation during pregnancy may increase the risk of heart disease. Pregnant women using certain antibiotics, anti-epileptic drugs, smoking, alcoholism and other behaviors during pregnancy may cause heart malformations. To reduce the risk, pregnant women should avoid contact with harmful substances, take medications as prescribed by doctors, and maintain good living and eating habits.

3. Physiological factors cannot be ignored in the onset of congenital heart disease. The fetus may have abnormal heart structure or dysfunction during development. Chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension or infection with rubella, cytomegalovirus, etc. during pregnancy may also affect fetal heart development. To prevent related risks, pregnant women are advised to undergo regular prenatal examinations, including fetal heart ultrasound screening.

4. The impact of trauma on fetal heart development needs to be taken seriously. Pregnant women who suffer abdominal trauma or severe mental trauma during pregnancy may interfere with the normal development of the fetus. Pregnant women are advised to pay attention to safety, avoid strenuous exercise or high-risk activities, maintain a good attitude, and seek psychological support when necessary.

5. Pathological factors are an important cause of congenital heart disease. During the development of the fetus, heart development abnormalities may occur due to various reasons, such as abnormal heart septation and abnormal vascular development. These abnormalities may be related to interference in certain key periods during embryonic development. For early diagnosis and treatment, prenatal echocardiography is essential, and more in-depth imaging examinations can be performed if necessary.

For the treatment of fetal congenital heart disease, an individualized plan should be formulated according to the specific condition. For some simple congenital heart diseases, such as atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect, surgical treatment can be considered in the neonatal period or infancy. Common surgical methods include cardiac repair and occlusion. For complex congenital heart disease, staged surgery or heart transplantation may be required. In terms of drugs, diuretics and cardiotonic agents can be used to improve heart function. In pregnancy management, pregnant women are advised to maintain a healthy lifestyle and appropriately increase the intake of foods rich in nutrients such as folic acid, iron, and calcium, such as green leafy vegetables, beans, and dairy products. At the same time, regular and moderate physical activities, such as pregnant women's yoga and walking, can help promote blood circulation and healthy fetal development. Close prenatal monitoring and timely medical intervention are the key to improving prognosis. Pregnant women should strictly follow the doctor's advice for prenatal examinations and follow-up.