Causes and pathogenesis of gallstones

Gallstones are a condition caused by an imbalance in the composition of bile, which leads to the accumulation of crystals. Gallstones act as an uninvited guest in the digestive system, often growing unnoticed until one day they cause discomfort or pain.

The formation of gallstones is closely related to the composition of bile, eating habits, metabolic problems, etc. The gallbladder in our body is mainly responsible for storing and concentrating bile. It is a "natural detergent" that helps digest fat. When the ratio of cholesterol, calcium salts and bile pigments in bile is unbalanced, small crystals may be produced and gradually aggregate into stones. Cholesterol stones are the most common type, mainly caused by high cholesterol or insufficient dissolving capacity in bile. Bile pigment stones are usually related to liver dysfunction, which are usually related to genetics, gender, age, eating habits, as well as obesity and rapid weight loss.

When gallstones form and become lodged in the gallbladder or bile ducts, they may cause a range of symptoms, such as severe cramping in the right upper abdomen, which often occurs after a large, greasy meal. Nausea, vomiting, fever, and jaundice may also indicate a problem with gallstones. When stones persist for a long time and block the bile ducts, they may cause inflammation and even develop into more serious health conditions such as cholecystitis and cholangitis. Because of the diversity of stone locations and sizes, the symptoms and severity of the stones may also vary, and some stones may not even cause any obvious symptoms.

To control and prevent gallstones, adjusting diet and lifestyle is an important part. Properly controlling fat and cholesterol intake, increasing fiber intake, and maintaining a healthy weight and eating habits can help reduce the risk. Regular physical examinations and observations are very important for people who have been diagnosed with gallstones. If severe biliary colic or persistent upper abdominal discomfort occurs, seek medical attention promptly to avoid more serious complications. By understanding the formation mechanism and influencing factors of gallstones, we can better prevent and manage them, thereby protecting our bile duct health.