Do I need surgery for gallstones?

Whether surgery is needed for gallstones depends on the size of the stone, the severity of your symptoms, and whether there are any complications. Small stones with no symptoms usually do not require surgery, but surgery may be necessary if there is pain, infection, or bile duct obstruction.

1. Causes of gallstones

Gallstones are mainly formed by the deposition of cholesterol or bile pigments. High cholesterol diet, obesity, diabetes and other metabolic diseases are common causes. Genetic factors may also increase the risk of disease. Physiological problems such as cholestasis and abnormal gallbladder contraction function can also promote stone formation. Certain drugs such as birth control pills and lipid-lowering drugs may increase the risk of stones.

2. Diagnosis of gallstones

Abdominal ultrasound is the first choice for diagnosing gallstones. It can clearly show the location, size, and number of stones. CT scans can help evaluate complications. Magnetic resonance pancreaticobiliary imaging can observe the bile ducts. Blood tests can determine whether there is infection or abnormal liver function.

3. Treatment options for gallstones

For small, asymptomatic stones, a watchful waiting strategy can be used. Drug treatments such as ursodeoxycholic acid can dissolve cholesterol stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is suitable for certain types of stones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard surgical procedure for symptomatic gallstones, with minimal trauma and rapid recovery. Open surgery is reserved for complex cases or patients with complications.

4. Preventive measures for gallstones

Maintain a healthy weight and avoid rapid weight loss. Control cholesterol intake and increase dietary fiber. Eat regularly and avoid long periods of fasting. Moderate exercise helps bile excretion. Have regular physical examinations to detect and deal with related problems in a timely manner.

5. Postoperative management of gallstones

After surgery, you need to pay attention to diet and avoid high-fat foods. Keep the wound clean to prevent infection. Take painkillers and antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor. Have regular checkups to monitor recovery. Pay attention to any abnormal symptoms such as jaundice and fever.

The treatment of gallstones requires individualized evaluation, and the doctor will develop the best plan based on the patient's specific situation. Timely medical treatment and standardized treatment are the key to ensuring efficacy. Preventing the formation of gallstones is more important than treatment, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can effectively reduce the risk of disease.