What causes cystitis?

Cystitis is mainly caused by bacterial infection, and common causes include poor hygiene habits, low immunity, urinary tract obstruction, etc. Treatment requires antibiotics, improvement of lifestyle habits or surgical intervention according to the cause.

1. Bacterial infection is the most common cause of cystitis. Escherichia coli is the main pathogen, which enters the bladder through the urethra and causes inflammation. Women are more susceptible to infection due to their shorter urethra. To prevent bacterial infection, you need to pay attention to personal hygiene, such as changing underwear frequently and avoiding the use of irritating cleaning products. Antibiotics such as cephalosporins and quinolones are commonly used to treat bacterial cystitis, and they must be taken for a full course of treatment as prescribed by the doctor.

2. Low immunity increases the risk of cystitis. Factors such as diabetes, long-term use of immunosuppressants, and excessive stress can weaken the immune system and make the bladder more susceptible to infection. Immunity can be improved through a balanced diet, regular work and rest, and moderate exercise. Fruits rich in vitamin C such as oranges and kiwis can be added to the diet, and aerobic exercises such as jogging and swimming can be chosen for exercise.

3. Urinary tract obstruction is also one of the causes of cystitis. Prostatic hypertrophy, bladder stones, tumors, etc. can hinder urine excretion and lead to bacterial retention. Treatment should be targeted at the cause. Prostatic hypertrophy can use alpha receptor blockers such as tamsulosin, and bladder stones may require extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or surgical removal of the stones.

4. Other factors such as sexual intercourse, use of urinary catheters, and long-term urine retention can also cause cystitis. Urination in time after sexual intercourse can reduce the risk of infection. Catheters must be strictly sterile and should not be left in place for long periods of time. Long-term urine retention can cause the bladder to be overfilled and damage the bladder wall. It is recommended to develop a habit of regular urination.

The treatment of cystitis requires comprehensive consideration of the cause. Antibiotics are the main treatment for bacterial infections, and obstructive factors need to be removed for urinary tract obstruction. To prevent cystitis, attention should be paid to personal hygiene, enhancing immunity, and urinating in time. If symptoms persist or worsen, medical attention should be sought in time to avoid developing a more serious kidney infection. Cystitis can usually be effectively controlled and cured through reasonable treatment and preventive measures.