What causes hydrocephalus in newborns?

Neonatal hydrocephalus can be relieved by surgical drainage, drug therapy, etc. The main reason is that the cerebrospinal fluid circulation is blocked or the absorption is abnormal. Genetic factors, infection, bleeding, congenital malformations, etc. may all cause this disease.

1. Genetic factors. Certain genetic diseases, such as X-linked hydrocephalus syndrome, can cause cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorders. Newborns with a family history of similar diseases are at higher risk. Genetic testing is recommended for early detection and intervention.

2. Infection. If the mother is infected with rubella, cytomegalovirus, etc. during pregnancy, it may cause abnormal brain development of the fetus, which in turn causes hydrocephalus. Regular prenatal checkups during pregnancy and avoiding contact with sources of infection are the key to prevention.

3. Bleeding. Intracranial hemorrhage in newborns, especially premature infants, may block the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway. Birth trauma should be avoided during delivery. Premature infants need to be closely monitored for intracranial conditions and undergo imaging examinations when necessary.

4. Congenital malformations, such as spina bifida and Arnold-Chiari malformation, may affect the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Prenatal ultrasound examination can detect these malformations early and formulate treatment plans in time.

5. Tumors. Intracranial tumors in newborns compress the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway and can also cause hydrocephalus. MRI and other imaging examinations can help to make a clear diagnosis, and surgical removal of the tumor is the main treatment method.

6. Other factors, such as metabolic diseases and trauma, may also cause hydrocephalus. A comprehensive physical examination should be conducted after the birth of the newborn, and any abnormalities should be dealt with promptly.

The treatment of neonatal hydrocephalus requires comprehensive consideration of the cause and condition. Early diagnosis and intervention are the key to improving prognosis. Surgical drainage, such as ventriculoperitoneal shunt and ventriculoatrial shunt, can effectively relieve symptoms. Drug treatment, such as acetazolamide, can reduce cerebrospinal fluid secretion. Regular follow-up and rehabilitation training can help improve the quality of life of children. Parents should closely observe the growth and development of newborns, seek medical attention in time if abnormalities are found, and cooperate with doctors to develop personalized treatment plans.