What causes difficult defecation and hard stools?

Difficult defecation and hard stools are usually related to factors such as diet, lifestyle, and intestinal dysfunction. Common causes include insufficient water intake, lack of dietary fiber, and slow intestinal motility. Improvement methods include adjusting the diet structure, increasing exercise, and using medication when necessary.

1. Dietary factors

Insufficient water intake is a common cause of hard stools. Dehydration causes the intestines to absorb more water, causing the stool to become hard. It is recommended to drink enough water every day. Adults should drink about 1500-2000 ml of water per day. Insufficient dietary fiber intake can also affect bowel movements. Dietary fiber can increase stool volume and promote intestinal peristalsis. It is recommended to eat more fiber-rich foods, such as whole grains, vegetables such as spinach and celery, and fruits such as apples and pears.

2. Lifestyle

Sitting for a long time will slow down intestinal peristalsis and increase the risk of constipation. It is recommended to do moderate exercise every day, such as brisk walking, jogging or yoga, for about 30 minutes each time. Regular bowel habits are also important. Try to go to the toilet at a fixed time to avoid holding back bowel movements.

3. Abnormal intestinal function

Slowed intestinal motility may be related to psychological factors such as stress and anxiety. Long-term mental stress can affect intestinal nerve regulation and lead to constipation. It is recommended to relieve stress through relaxation training, meditation, etc. Certain diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and hypothyroidism may also cause difficulty in defecation, which requires medical examination.

4. Drug treatment

For stubborn constipation, medication can be used under the guidance of a doctor. Common medications include:

Osmotic laxatives such as lactulose: They soften stool by increasing intestinal moisture.

Stimulant laxatives such as senna: promote intestinal motility, but should not be used for a long time.

Probiotic preparations: regulate intestinal flora and improve intestinal function.

5. Diet and exercise recommendations

Diet: Increase fiber-rich foods such as oats, sweet potatoes, and beans; avoid excessive intake of refined sugar and high-fat foods.

Exercise: Do 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every day, such as swimming, cycling, or skipping rope, to promote intestinal motility.

Difficult defecation and hard stools are common health problems. Most cases can be alleviated by adjusting diet, increasing exercise, and improving lifestyle habits. If symptoms persist or are accompanied by other discomforts, you should seek medical attention in time to check for underlying diseases.