What causes congenital heart disease in the fetus?

The treatment of fetal congenital heart disease requires an individualized plan based on the specific condition of the disease. Common methods include drug therapy, surgical treatment, and interventional treatment. The causes of the disease involve multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and physiology.

1. Genetic factors: A family history of congenital heart disease increases the risk of the fetus. Certain gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, may also lead to abnormal heart development. Prenatal genetic counseling and genetic testing can help assess the risk.

2. Environmental factors: Exposure to harmful environments during pregnancy may affect the development of the fetal heart. For example, exposure to tobacco, alcohol, certain drugs or chemicals during pregnancy may increase the probability of disease. Pregnant women should avoid exposure to harmful substances and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

3. Physiological factors: Pregnant women with diabetes, high blood pressure or rubella infection may interfere with the normal development of the fetal heart. Controlling pregnancy diseases, regular prenatal checkups and vaccinations can help reduce the risk.

4. Traumatic factors: External impact or radiation exposure during pregnancy may have adverse effects on fetal heart development. Pregnant women should pay attention to safety and avoid high-risk activities.

5. Pathological factors: During the development of the fetus, the fetus may have abnormal heart structure, such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, etc. These abnormalities may be related to the combined effects of multiple factors and need to be discovered early through medical means such as ultrasound examination.

The prevention and treatment of fetal congenital heart disease requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Pregnant women should pay attention to prenatal care, have regular prenatal checkups, and promptly detect problems and take intervention measures. Early diagnosis and scientific intervention are the key to improving prognosis. Parents should actively cooperate with doctors to create good conditions for fetal health.