What are the four causes of gallstones?

The main causes of gallstones include genetic factors, poor eating habits, bile metabolism disorders and certain underlying diseases. Understanding these factors will help prevent the occurrence of gallstones in a targeted manner.

1) Genetic factors

Studies have shown that there is a certain genetic tendency for the development of gallstones. If a direct relative has gallstones, the risk of the disease in future generations will increase. This is related to the abnormal cholesterol metabolism that may be inherited in the family. For people with a family history of the disease, regular physical examinations are recommended, especially abdominal ultrasound examinations to detect early lesions.

2) Poor eating habits

A diet high in fat, high in cholesterol and low in dietary fiber is an important external factor that causes gallstones. Long-term intake of excessive processed and greasy foods can cause an increase in the cholesterol concentration in bile, forming crystals and gradually evolving into stones. Regular overeating, irregular eating, or long-term excessive dieting can lead to insufficient gallbladder contraction, and long-term retention of bile can also easily form stones. Adjusting the diet structure, eating more fiber-containing foods (such as vegetables, fruits and whole grains), insisting on regular meals, and avoiding overeating are effective protective measures.

3) Bile metabolism disorder

The main function of bile is to help digest fat. When the proportion of bile components is imbalanced (such as increased cholesterol and decreased bile salts or lecithin), cholesterol is easily precipitated to form crystals, which in turn form gallstones. For example, obese people have excessive cholesterol secretion, while those who lose weight quickly have reduced bile emptying and a high risk of metabolic disorders. Controlling weight, preventing obesity or losing weight quickly is the key to preventing metabolic disorders.

4) Certain underlying diseases

Certain diseases such as diabetes, cirrhosis, chronic intestinal diseases and cholecystitis can change the normal function of bile, and long-term development can promote gallstones. In addition, changes in hormone secretion during pregnancy can also increase the risk. Basic disease management needs to be carried out throughout long-term life. Patients need standardized treatment to avoid complications and regularly monitor gallbladder health.

Prevention of gallstones needs to start from daily life, pay attention to controlling diet, maintaining a proper weight, and treating related diseases. If you experience persistent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, you should see a doctor as soon as possible for timely evaluation and treatment.