What are the treatments for gallstones?

Treatments for gallstones can include medication, minimally invasive surgery, and lifestyle changes. The most appropriate approach is chosen based on the specific circumstances of the condition. Small stones with mild symptoms can be dissolved with medication, while larger stones or those that cause significant symptoms usually require surgery.

Drug treatment mainly includes oral ursodeoxycholic acid drugs, which can help dissolve the cholesterol component in bile, but it is only suitable for cholesterol stones with a diameter of less than 1.5 cm, and the treatment cycle is long, which may take months to years. Surgical treatment mostly uses minimally invasive techniques, the most common of which is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has less trauma and faster recovery, and is suitable for recurrent gallstones. When the stones are close to the common bile duct, they can be removed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which is a non-resectable surgery suitable for some complex cases. Asymptomatic gallstones usually only require regular observation and do not require immediate treatment. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy may also be an option for some patients, but it is less used.

Drug treatment mainly includes oral ursodeoxycholic acid drugs, which can help dissolve the cholesterol component in bile, but it is only suitable for cholesterol stones with a diameter of less than 1.5 cm, and the treatment cycle is long, which may take months to years. Surgical treatment mostly uses minimally invasive techniques, the most common of which is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has less trauma and faster recovery, and is suitable for recurrent gallstones. When the stones are close to the common bile duct, they can be removed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which is a non-resectable surgery suitable for some complex cases. Asymptomatic gallstones usually only require regular observation and do not require immediate treatment. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy may also be an option for some patients, but it is less used.

In daily life, in order to prevent and assist in the treatment of gallstones, one should maintain a balanced diet, avoid high-fat, high-cholesterol foods, consume more fiber-rich fruits and vegetables and an appropriate amount of vegetable oil, and exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight. If you suspect gallstones or have symptoms, you should seek medical attention and undergo an ultrasound examination in a timely manner. Early detection can significantly reduce the risk of subsequent complications.