What causes synovitis?

The causes of synovitis can be divided into many types, including genetic factors, external environmental factors, physiological factors, trauma and pathological factors. It is usually caused by damage or inflammation of the synovial tissue.

Genetic factors may increase the risk of synovitis, especially for people with a family history of arthritis or autoimmune diseases, whose synovial tissue is more likely to be affected by abnormal immune responses. External environmental factors such as long-term exposure to cold and humid environments, and excessive pressure or abnormal posture on the joints for a long time, can also easily lead to synovitis. Physiological factors include degenerative changes in joint soft tissue caused by aging and decreased immunity of the body, which will increase the probability of synovitis. Trauma is an important cause of synovitis. For example, joint sprains, impacts or repeated strains may directly damage the synovial tissue and cause inflammation. Pathological conditions include diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gouty arthritis, which can not only cause synovial inflammation, but may even lead to long-term chronic synovial inflammation and dysfunction.

To relieve or treat synovitis, appropriate methods should be selected according to the cause. Mild synovitis can be improved by rest and physical therapy, such as using hot or cold compresses to relieve inflammation and pain, and hydrotherapy and low-intensity exercise can help promote joint mobility. Drug treatment includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and celecoxib to reduce inflammation, and when necessary, glucocorticoid injections to control severe synovial inflammation. For severe or refractory synovitis, arthroscopic surgery is also an effective means of directly removing the diseased synovial tissue through surgery.

Daily protection is also key. Be careful to avoid long-term overuse of joints, especially strenuous or impactful high-intensity exercise. Keeping your weight within a normal range and avoiding obesity that puts extra burden on the joints can also help reduce the risk of recurrence of synovitis. If you have a family history or frequent joint discomfort, you should have regular examinations to detect synovial abnormalities as early as possible. In any case of severe joint swelling, pain, or mobility impairment, you should see a doctor as soon as possible to get a diagnosis and targeted treatment plan.