Which gallstones need to be treated?

Not all gallstones require immediate treatment, but if symptoms such as biliary colic, fever or infection occur, or if the stones are large (over 2 cm), there is a risk of complications, or even an increased possibility of gallbladder cancer, timely treatment is recommended. Asymptomatic gallstones can be observed regularly under the guidance of a doctor and do not need to be treated urgently.

Causes of gallstone formation include genetic factors, improper diet, drastic weight fluctuations, and changes in hormone levels. Genetics can determine the susceptibility of cholesterol metabolism in bile, and a daily high-fat, high-cholesterol diet may accelerate the formation of gallstones. Some chronic diseases such as diabetes and cirrhosis can also increase the risk of disease. If stones block the gallbladder outlet, it may cause acute cholecystitis and even develop into gallbladder gangrene or perforation, which is life-threatening. In these cases, timely medical treatment is particularly important.

For gallstones that require treatment, there are a variety of treatment options available. Drug treatments such as oral ursodeoxycholic acid are suitable for smaller stones, but the effect is slow and the recurrence rate is high. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a non-invasive method that is effective for small and medium-sized stones, but it may also require multiple operations. Surgery is still the main treatment method, among which laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard and is suitable for patients with severe symptoms or complications. After surgery or other treatments, dietary adjustments can effectively prevent the formation of new stones. A low-fat diet, plenty of vegetables and fruits, and avoid overeating are recommended.

Asymptomatic patients with gallstones need to maintain a healthy lifestyle, pay attention to weight control, avoid a high-cholesterol diet, and follow up regularly to observe their condition. If there is severe abdominal pain or other discomfort, seek medical attention immediately. In the process of treating gallstones, it is also very important to pay attention to the patient's mental state. The understanding and support of family and friends can help them better adapt to treatment and face the future life positively.