How are gallstones diagnosed?

The diagnosis of gallstones requires imaging examinations to clarify the condition, rather than judging by symptoms alone. Because gallstones may have no obvious symptoms, or the symptoms are similar to other diseases, accurate diagnosis is the key to treatment.

Gallstones refer to the formation of stones in the gallbladder or bile duct. The formation of stones is related to abnormal bile composition, gallbladder motility disorders, and infection. Some patients may have no symptoms, which is called "asymptomatic gallstones"; while some patients may experience upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, etc., especially after eating greasy food. These symptoms are often mistaken for stomach problems, so it is easy to delay diagnosis.

The main methods for diagnosing gallstones include ultrasound, CT scans, and MRIs. Among them, abdominal ultrasound is the most commonly used examination method because it is non-invasive, economical, and can clearly show the stones in the gallbladder. If stones in the bile duct or complicated conditions such as cholangitis and pancreatitis are suspected, the doctor may recommend CT or MRCP (magnetic resonance pancreaticobiliary imaging). Blood tests can help evaluate whether there is infection or bile duct obstruction, such as elevated white blood cell counts or abnormal liver function.

In order to prevent and manage gallstones, you need to pay attention to a balanced diet in your daily life, reduce the intake of high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, appropriately increase the proportion of dietary fiber, and maintain regular exercise habits to avoid obesity. If you have been diagnosed with gallstones but have no obvious symptoms, you can follow up regularly; if you experience repeated pain, jaundice or other discomfort, you should see a doctor as soon as possible to avoid worsening of the condition.