What causes gallstones?

The formation of gallstones is mainly related to the imbalance of bile components. When the ratio of cholesterol, bile salts or phospholipids in bile is abnormal, crystals are easily precipitated and gradually form stones. Common influencing factors include eating habits, metabolic problems and abnormal gallbladder function.

Bile is a digestive fluid secreted by the liver. Its main components are water, cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids, which are responsible for helping digest fat. If there is too much cholesterol and too little bile salt in the bile, or the gallbladder's contraction and emptying function is weakened, cholesterol may precipitate in the bile and form crystals. Over time, these crystals gradually aggregate into clumps and eventually form gallstones. Infection or inflammation can also change the composition of bile and increase the risk of stones.

Gallstones can vary in size and number. Large stones may cause symptoms such as biliary colic, indigestion or nausea, while small stones may sometimes exist "quietly" without causing obvious discomfort. Gallstones may also cause complications such as cholecystitis and cholangitis, and in severe cases may cause jaundice or even pancreatitis.

To prevent gallstones, it is recommended to eat a balanced diet, avoid high-fat, high-cholesterol foods, and eat more foods rich in dietary fiber, such as vegetables and whole grains. Regular work and rest and maintaining a stable weight can also help reduce the risk of gallstones. If you have persistent abdominal pain or other obvious discomfort symptoms, it is recommended to see a doctor as soon as possible for further examination and treatment.