Pathogenesis of perianal abscess

The pathogenesis of perianal abscess is mainly related to infection factors. It is often caused by local suppurative inflammation caused by bacterial invasion of the anal glands or surrounding tissues. It may also be related to other physiological factors, trauma or chronic diseases. Bacterial infection is the most common cause, especially Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobic bacteria, etc. These bacteria invade the perianal tissues through the anal gland opening and cause suppuration. If not intervened in time, the inflammation can further spread to form a purulent cavity.

From a genetic point of view, the disease has no direct correlation with genetic factors; poor sanitary conditions in the environment, long-term moisture or irritation in the anal area may increase the risk of infection. In terms of physiological factors, poor secretion or abnormal excretion of the anal glands, and chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may cause damage to the anal gland structure and become a predisposing factor for the disease. Trauma such as small cracks around the anus, insertion of foreign objects, and injuries caused by surgery may cause infection. Long-term constipation or diarrhea causes changes in anal pressure, which can also damage anal gland secretion and lymphatic drainage, increasing the chance of bacterial invasion. Pathological causes also include diseases such as diabetes that weaken the immune system, or long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs that weaken the body's ability to resist infection, increasing the possibility of infection.

Treatment is mainly surgical drainage. In the acute stage, abscess incision and drainage should be performed in time to avoid the spread of infection. Antibiotic treatment can be used as an auxiliary treatment according to the situation after surgery. Commonly used drugs include cephalosporin antibiotics (such as cefradine), penicillin antibiotics (such as amoxicillin) and quinolones (such as levofloxacin). If the condition is mild, local care can also be performed through sitz baths. Hot water sitz baths 2-3 times a day can promote blood circulation, speed up healing, and keep the anus clean and dry. Pay attention to a reasonable diet, avoid spicy and irritating foods, and consume more dietary fiber such as oats, sweet potatoes, and green leafy vegetables to prevent constipation from aggravating symptoms.

If perianal abscess is not treated in time, it may recur and even develop into a complex anal fistula, which increases the difficulty and pain of surgery. If you find persistent pain, redness, swelling or local lumps in the perianal area, you should see a doctor as soon as possible, and do not delay or take medication on your own. In the face of the troubles of the disease, you should also maintain a positive attitude, cooperate with the doctor's treatment, communicate more with your family for support, reduce the psychological burden, and recover faster. Reasonable care, scientific diet, and attention to cleanliness are important measures to prevent recurrence.