Causes and pathogenesis of perianal abscess

The main causes of perianal abscesses include infection, chronic inflammation, gland obstruction and low immunity. Its pathogenesis is usually caused by bacteria invading the anal glands or surrounding soft tissues, leading to acute suppurative infection, pus retention, and gradual spread to the surrounding areas. If not treated promptly, it may develop into anal fistula or cause systemic infection.

The onset of perianal abscess may be related to a variety of factors. From a genetic point of view, a family history of similar perianal diseases may increase the risk of disease. External environmental factors such as poor hygiene habits, long-term moist stimulation of the anus, or trauma and post-operative infection can all cause lesions. In terms of physical constitution, people with diabetes, weakened immunity, and people with long-term constipation or diarrhea are more likely to get sick. Pathologically, this is because the anal gland duct is blocked after being infected by bacteria, resulting in the inability to discharge pus in the gland, which further extends to the perianal soft tissue area to form an abscess. Common pathogens include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobic bacteria.

In terms of treatment, perianal abscesses usually require surgical treatment. The three common surgical methods include incision and drainage, anal fistulectomy, and minimally invasive surgery. Incision and drainage is the fastest option for the discharge of pus in the acute phase. Anal fistulectomy is suitable for patients with abscesses complicated by anal fistulas, while minimally invasive surgeries such as high-frequency electrosurgical unit or laser incision have the advantages of less trauma and faster recovery. Drug therapy can assist in surgical recovery, such as antibiotics to control infection, commonly used cephalosporins, penicillins or clarithromycin. Conservative measures include a high-fiber diet that promotes smooth bowel movements, a light diet and avoid spicy stimulation, and warm salt water sitz baths to reduce local inflammation.

In order to effectively prevent and alleviate the condition, it is very important to develop good perianal hygiene habits, such as cleaning the anus every day and keeping it dry, especially in hot weather or after exercise. Increase dietary fiber in the diet, avoid constipation or diarrhea that can cause stress to the perianal tissues, and have regular physical examinations to detect abnormalities early. If you find redness, swelling, pain, local skin fever, or nodules around the anus, you should see a doctor as soon as possible and do not delay treatment. Timely intervention can not only speed up recovery, but also reduce the risk of recurrence and complications. Take care of your health, start with small details, combine prevention with treatment, and don't be afraid of disease.