What causes fetal hydrocephalus?

The causes of fetal hydrocephalus may include genetic factors, maternal environmental factors, intrinsic developmental abnormalities, infection and other pathological causes. Detailed examination is needed to determine the cause and choose appropriate treatment and intervention measures under the guidance of a doctor.

1. Genetic factors

Fetal hydrocephalus may be related to genetic factors, especially when there is a history of central nervous system abnormalities in the family. For example, some chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome or trisomy 18 may affect the development of the fetal brain or spinal cord, leading to hydrocephalus. For pregnant women with a family history of genetic diseases, genetic screening or prenatal counseling can be performed before pregnancy to reduce the risk.

2. Maternal environmental factors

The mother's health status and external environmental factors may directly or indirectly affect the development of the fetal central nervous system. For example, viral infections such as cytomegalovirus or toxoplasmosis, gestational diabetes or sepsis may lead to fetal hydrocephalus. Exposure to high radiation, high pollution or certain harmful drugs during pregnancy may also have adverse effects on fetal brain development. It is key to pay attention to regular prenatal checkups and avoid contact with harmful substances during pregnancy.

3. Abnormal physiological development

Incomplete development of the fetal brain structure may lead to obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cause hydrocephalus. For example, cerebellar dysplasia, spina bifida or stenosis of the midbrain aqueduct are common causes. Most of these developmental abnormalities are formed in the early fetus and can be monitored and detected through B-ultrasound and other examination methods, so that timely intervention measures can be taken.

4. Infection factors

Maternal infection during pregnancy may infect the fetus through the placenta or amniotic fluid, causing inflammation of the central nervous system and inducing hydrocephalus. For example, cytomegalovirus infection is a common cause of fetal hydrocephalus. Preventing maternal infection is the key. Pay attention to personal hygiene during pregnancy and avoid contact with easily infected food and environment.

5. Pathological or traumatic factors

In some cases, hydrocephalus may be caused by pathological factors such as spinal cord injury, intracranial hemorrhage or tumors. These conditions are usually complicated and require detailed imaging examinations to confirm the diagnosis. If necessary, surgical treatment may be required after birth, such as shunt surgery, endoscopic fistula or tumor resection.

The severity of fetal hydrocephalus depends on the cause and amount of hydrocephalus. Regular prenatal checkups, early screening and comprehensive treatment can improve fetal prognosis and reduce the risk of complications in many cases. If abnormalities are found during pregnancy, you should immediately seek help from an obstetrician or specialist, and decide whether further intervention is needed based on the specific situation.