What causes kidney stones?

The formation of kidney stones is related to many factors, including genetics, environmental factors, lifestyle habits, physiological conditions and diseases. Treatments for kidney stones include medication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, minimally invasive surgery, dietary adjustments and increased water intake.

1. Genetic factors play an important role in the formation of kidney stones. People with a family history of kidney stones have a higher risk of developing the disease. It is recommended that people with a family history undergo regular urine and blood tests to detect and intervene early.

2. Environmental factors such as climate and region also affect the occurrence of kidney stones. People in tropical and dry areas are prone to kidney stones because they sweat a lot and urinate less. People living in these areas should pay special attention to hydration to avoid excessive concentration of urine.

3. Bad living habits are the main cause of kidney stones. A high-salt, high-protein, high-sugar diet, as well as long-term lack of water intake, will increase the risk of stones. It is recommended to drink 2-3 liters of water every day, reduce salt intake, and take in calcium in moderation.

4. Physiological conditions such as metabolic abnormalities and obesity can also lead to kidney stones. For example, metabolic diseases such as hypercalciuria and hyperuricemia can easily promote the formation of stones. Controlling weight, eating a balanced diet and exercising properly can help prevent them.

5. Trauma and long-term bed rest can also increase the risk of kidney stones. People who have been bedridden for a long time after trauma are more likely to form stones due to reduced activity and urine retention. Early bed rest should be encouraged to promote urine excretion.

Effective prevention and treatment of kidney stones requires a combination of multiple measures, including dietary adjustments, lifestyle improvements, regular physical examinations, and necessary medical interventions. Through personalized prevention and treatment measures, the incidence and recurrence rate of kidney stones can be significantly reduced.