What are the causes of gallstones?

The formation of gallstones is mainly related to genetic factors, eating habits, obesity, and abnormal liver and gallbladder function. Family history is an important factor in the formation of gallstones, because children whose parents have a history of gallstones are more likely to develop the disease. People who live in a high-fat, high-cholesterol, and low-fiber diet are more susceptible to gallstones. Excessive obesity also increases the risk of abnormal cholesterol metabolism, which is a key physiological factor in gallstones. Improper dieting or rapid weight loss can lead to bile concentration and promote stone formation. Liver disease or abnormal gallbladder motility may cause cholestasis and aggravate stone formation.

Gallstones often have no obvious symptoms in the early stages, but in severe cases they may cause biliary colic, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, etc. If severe right upper abdominal pain or unexplained jaundice occurs, it is very necessary to seek medical attention immediately. Examination may involve ultrasound, CT scan and blood tests to evaluate the presence and impact of gallstones. The treatment of gallstones depends on their size, symptoms and location. For small stones without symptoms, regular observation may be sufficient, while large or symptomatic stones may require treatment. Drug therapy, such as ursodeoxycholic acid, can be used to dissolve some cholesterol stones. For large stones with severe symptoms or multiple stones, cholecystectomy is a common method, among which laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more common because it is less invasive and has a faster recovery. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can also be used in some cases, but the effect is limited and recurrence may occur.

Gallstones often have no obvious symptoms in the early stages, but in severe cases they may cause biliary colic, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, etc. If severe right upper abdominal pain or unexplained jaundice occurs, it is very necessary to seek medical attention immediately. Examination may involve ultrasound, CT scan and blood tests to evaluate the presence and impact of gallstones. The treatment of gallstones depends on their size, symptoms and location. For small stones without symptoms, regular observation may be sufficient, while large or symptomatic stones may require treatment. Drug therapy, such as ursodeoxycholic acid, can be used to dissolve some cholesterol stones. For large stones with severe symptoms or multiple stones, cholecystectomy is a common method, among which laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more common because it is less invasive and has a faster recovery. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can also be used in some cases, but the effect is limited and recurrence may occur.

To prevent the formation of gallstones, it is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle. It is recommended to exercise regularly to achieve weight management goals, especially at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week, to promote bile flow and prevent congestion. In terms of diet, attention should be paid to increasing fiber intake, such as whole grains, vegetables and fruits, to ensure proper metabolism of cholesterol. Avoid rapid weight loss plans and overly strict low-calorie intake. It is recommended to lose no more than 0.5 to 1 kg per week. Liver health is directly related to bile secretion and metabolism. Regular physical examinations to test liver function indicators can also prevent related diseases. If there is a history of gallstones in the family, pay special attention to health management in life and minimize risks through a reasonable diet and lifestyle. When facing the disease, maintaining an optimistic and rational attitude can help better cope with challenges and contribute to the overall health and well-being of patients and their families.