What is the main cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis?

The main cause of osteoporosis after menopause is a decrease in estrogen levels, which leads to a loss of bone density. Other factors include genetics, poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and the effects of certain diseases. Treatment can improve bone health with medications, dietary changes, and exercise.

1. Decreased estrogen levels are the core cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis. After menopause, women’s ovarian function declines and estrogen secretion decreases, leading to faster bone absorption, slower bone formation, and a gradual decrease in bone density. Estrogen has a protective effect on bones, inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts and reducing bone absorption. After menopause, this protective effect weakens, bone loss accelerates, and osteoporosis is easily caused.

2. Genetic factors play an important role in osteoporosis. People with a family history of osteoporosis have a higher risk of the disease. Genes affect peak bone density and bone metabolism rate, and certain gene mutations may lead to bone loss. Understanding family history can help with early prevention and intervention.

3. Malnutrition is also an important factor leading to osteoporosis. Calcium and vitamin D are key nutrients for maintaining bone health. Calcium is the main component of bones, and vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. Long-term insufficient intake can lead to decreased bone density. It is recommended to ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake through diet or supplements.

4. Lack of exercise affects bone health. Weight-bearing exercise can stimulate bone formation and increase bone density. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to bone loss. It is recommended to do moderate weight-bearing exercise, such as walking, running, skipping rope, etc., which can help strengthen bones.

5. Certain diseases and drugs may also cause osteoporosis. For example, diseases such as hyperthyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis can affect bone metabolism. Long-term use of glucocorticoid drugs can also increase the risk of osteoporosis. For these situations, targeted treatment is required under the guidance of a doctor.

Treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis include medication, dietary adjustments, and exercise. In terms of medication, bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and parathyroid hormone analogs are commonly used drugs. In terms of diet, increase the intake of foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, such as milk, soy products, and fish. In terms of exercise, moderate weight-bearing exercise and aerobic exercise, such as walking, running, and yoga, can help strengthen bones.

The occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis is closely related to the decline in estrogen levels and is also affected by multiple factors such as genetics, nutrition, and exercise. Osteoporosis can be effectively prevented and improved through drug treatment, a proper diet, and moderate exercise. It is recommended that postmenopausal women undergo regular bone density tests to detect and intervene in osteoporosis problems in a timely manner and maintain bone health.