Why do brain aneurysms occur?

The formation of cerebral aneurysms is mainly related to genetics, environmental factors, physiological factors, trauma and pathological changes. Specific causes include abnormal blood vessel wall structure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc. Treatment methods include drug therapy, surgical treatment and lifestyle adjustment.

1. Genetic factors

Brain aneurysms may be related to genetics, and people with a family history of aneurysms have a higher risk of the disease. Certain genetic diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease and Marfan syndrome, can lead to abnormalities in the structure of blood vessel walls and increase the possibility of aneurysm formation.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to bad habits such as smoking and alcoholism can increase the risk of aneurysms. Smoking damages the endothelial cells of blood vessels, while alcohol can cause blood pressure fluctuations, further weakening the elasticity of the blood vessel walls.

3. Physiological factors

Hypertension is an important cause of cerebral aneurysms. Long-term hypertension can cause excessive pressure on the blood vessel wall, leading to the expansion of local weak areas and the formation of aneurysms. Age increase and the higher incidence of females are also physiological factors that cannot be ignored.

4. Trauma

Head trauma may directly damage the blood vessel wall, causing local blood vessel dilation or rupture, and then forming an aneurysm. This situation is more common after traffic accidents or strenuous exercise.

5. Pathological changes

Atherosclerosis is a common pathological basis for cerebral aneurysms. Lipid deposition and inflammatory response can lead to thickening of the blood vessel wall, decreased elasticity, and eventually the formation of aneurysms. Diseases such as infectious arteritis may also cause aneurysms.

Treatment

1. Drug treatment

Controlling high blood pressure is key to preventing and treating cerebral aneurysms. Commonly used drugs include calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine, beta-blockers such as metoprolol, and diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide. Statins can be used to lower blood lipids and slow the progression of atherosclerosis.

2. Surgical treatment

For high-risk or ruptured aneurysms, surgery is the main treatment. Common methods include craniotomy clipping, endovascular embolization, and blood flow diversion device implantation. The specific choice depends on the location and size of the aneurysm and the patient's physical condition.

3. Lifestyle Adjustment

Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are important measures to prevent aneurysms. It is recommended to do 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every day, such as brisk walking, swimming or cycling. In terms of diet, you should reduce the intake of high-fat and high-salt foods and eat more fiber-rich vegetables, fruits and whole grains.

The formation of cerebral aneurysms is the result of the combined effects of multiple factors, and early detection and intervention are crucial. Through the combination of drug treatment, surgery and a healthy lifestyle, the risk of aneurysm rupture can be effectively reduced and the quality of life of patients can be improved. Regular physical examinations, blood pressure control, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction are key measures to prevent cerebral aneurysms.