How to treat gallstones?

Treatment for gallstones may include medication, surgery, and lifestyle changes. The treatment you choose depends on the size of the stone, the severity of your symptoms, and your overall health.

1. Drug treatment

For gallstones that are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, your doctor may recommend medication. Common medications include ursodeoxycholic acid, which can help dissolve cholesterol stones, but the course of treatment is long and usually takes months or even longer. Another medication is chenodeoxycholic acid, which is also used to dissolve cholesterol stones, but the effect varies from person to person. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen can be used to relieve pain caused by biliary colic.

2. Surgical treatment

When gallstones cause severe symptoms or complications, surgery is the first choice. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most commonly used method, which removes the gallbladder through minimally invasive techniques, with quick recovery and less trauma. For patients who are not suitable for laparoscopic surgery, open cholecystectomy may be required. In some cases, such as common bile duct stones, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be needed to remove the stones.

3. Lifestyle Adjustment

Diet and lifestyle are crucial in the prevention and management of gallstones. It is recommended to reduce the intake of high-fat, high-cholesterol foods such as fried foods, cream, and animal offal. Increasing fiber-rich foods such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits can help lower cholesterol levels. Regular exercise such as walking, swimming, or yoga can promote bile secretion and reduce the risk of stone formation. Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding rapid weight loss are also important measures to prevent gallstones.

The treatment of gallstones requires a personalized plan based on individual circumstances. No matter which treatment method is chosen, it should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor. Through drug therapy, surgical intervention and a healthy lifestyle, most patients can effectively control symptoms and prevent recurrence.