10 symptoms of cystitis

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder lining, with symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and pain when urinating. Common causes include bacterial infection, long-term urine retention, and bad lifestyle habits. Treatment options include medication, lifestyle adjustments, and preventive measures.

1. Frequent urination: Patients with cystitis often feel the urge to urinate frequently, but the amount of urine urinated each time is small. This is due to the inflammation of the bladder wall, which increases the sensitivity of the bladder. It is recommended to drink more water and avoid holding urine. If necessary, antibiotics such as amoxicillin, cephalosporins or nitrofurantoin can be taken.

2. Urgency: Patients often feel a sudden and strong urge to urinate, which is difficult to control. This is related to overactive bladder muscles. It can be improved through bladder training, such as regular urination and gradually extending the interval between urination. In terms of medication, tolterodine or solifenacin can be used to relieve symptoms.

3. Painful urination: Burning or stinging sensation during urination is usually caused by bacterial infection. Drinking more water can help dilute urine and reduce irritation. Drug treatment can choose quinolone antibiotics such as levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin.

4. Lower abdominal pain: Patients with cystitis often feel discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen. Applying hot compresses to the lower abdomen can help relieve the pain, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be taken at the same time.

5. Hematuria: Some patients may have blood in their urine, which is due to ruptured blood vessels caused by inflammation of the bladder lining. If hematuria occurs, you should seek medical attention immediately. The doctor may prescribe hemostatic drugs such as tranexamic acid or vitamin K.

6. Turbid urine: The urine of patients with cystitis may become turbid and have a peculiar smell. This is related to bacterial infection and leukocytosis. Drinking more water can help expel bacteria, and taking antibiotics if necessary.

7. Fever: Severe cystitis may be accompanied by fever, indicating that the infection may have spread to the kidneys. If you have a fever, you should seek medical attention immediately. The doctor may prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ceftriaxone or azithromycin.

8. Lower back pain: Cystitis may cause lower back discomfort or pain, especially when the infection spreads to the kidneys. It is recommended to stay in bed, avoid strenuous exercise, and take painkillers if necessary.

9. Urinary incontinence: Some patients may experience urinary incontinence, which is related to the loss of bladder muscle control. It can be improved through pelvic floor muscle exercises, such as Kegel exercises. In terms of medication, oxybutynin or darifenacin can be used.

10. Increased nocturia: Patients with cystitis have increased urination frequency at night, which affects sleep. It is recommended to reduce the amount of water you drink before going to bed and take anticholinergic drugs such as tolterodine or solifenacin if necessary.

Symptoms of cystitis vary, and treatment methods vary from person to person. If you experience the above symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately, and the doctor will develop a treatment plan based on the specific situation. The key to preventing cystitis is to maintain good living habits, such as drinking plenty of water, not holding urine, and paying attention to personal hygiene. Through reasonable treatment and prevention, most cystitis patients can recover quickly.