Enlarged gallbladder with gallstones

Gallbladder enlargement with gallstones is usually related to cholestasis, abnormal cholesterol metabolism or infection, and treatment includes medication, surgical intervention, and dietary and lifestyle modifications.

1. Causes of gallbladder enlargement

An enlarged gallbladder may be caused by a variety of factors. Genetic factors may lead to abnormal gallbladder function and increase the risk of cholestasis. Environmental factors such as a high-fat diet and lack of exercise can also affect the normal function of the gallbladder. In terms of physiological factors, metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes may cause abnormal cholesterol metabolism and lead to changes in bile composition. Trauma or inflammation of the tissues surrounding the gallbladder may also cause thickening or expansion of the gallbladder wall. Pathological factors include cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, etc., which may develop into gallbladder cancer in severe cases.

2. Formation of Gallstones

Gallstones are mainly composed of cholesterol stones and pigment stones. Cholesterol stones are related to factors such as high-cholesterol diet, obesity, and rapid weight loss, which lead to cholesterol oversaturation in bile. Pigment stones are related to pathological conditions such as hemolytic diseases and cirrhosis. Cholestasis is the key to stone formation, and weakened gallbladder contraction or bile duct obstruction will aggravate this process.

3. Treatment methods

Medical treatment includes the use of ursodeoxycholic acid to dissolve cholesterol stones, antibiotics to treat cholecystitis, and painkillers to relieve symptoms. Surgical treatment is a common option, such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy, and endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to remove stones. In terms of dietary adjustments, it is recommended to reduce high-fat, high-cholesterol foods and increase dietary fiber intake, such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. In terms of lifestyle, maintaining regular exercise and controlling weight can help prevent stone recurrence.

Gallbladder enlargement and gallstones require prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications. Through a combination of medication, surgery, and lifestyle intervention, the condition can be effectively controlled and the quality of life improved. Regular physical examinations and health management are key to preventing recurrence of the disease.