What are the causes of femoral head necrosis?

The main causes of femoral head necrosis include trauma, long-term use of hormones, alcoholism, genetic factors and certain diseases. Treatment methods include drug therapy, surgical treatment and lifestyle adjustment.

1. Trauma

Femoral head necrosis may be related to hip trauma, such as fracture or dislocation. Trauma can disrupt the blood supply to the femoral head, leading to ischemic necrosis of bone tissue. For femoral head necrosis caused by trauma, symptoms can be relieved in the early stages by limiting weight bearing, physical therapy, and medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. If the condition is severe, hip replacement surgery may be required.

2. Long-term use of hormones

Long-term use of glucocorticoids is one of the common causes of femoral head necrosis. Hormones interfere with fat metabolism, increase intrabone pressure, and affect blood supply. Reducing hormone use or adjusting the dosage is the key to prevention and treatment. At the same time, drugs that improve microcirculation, such as alprostadil or danshen injection, can be used in combination.

3. Alcoholism

Long-term heavy drinking can lead to abnormal fat metabolism, increase fat deposition in bones, and affect blood supply. Quitting drinking is the first measure, and vitamin D and calcium supplements can also be used to promote bone health. For early patients, hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be tried to improve local blood circulation.

4. Genetic factors

Some patients may have genetic susceptibility, such as abnormal coagulation function or vascular dysplasia. For people with a family history, regular checks of bone density and hip joint function are recommended. Early detection can delay the progression of the disease through medication and physical therapy.

5. Disease factors

Certain diseases such as sickle cell anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus may also lead to femoral head necrosis. Treating the primary disease is fundamental, and attention should also be paid to bone health. For advanced patients, hip replacement surgery is an effective way to restore function.

The treatment of femoral head necrosis requires a personalized plan based on the cause and severity of the disease. Early detection and intervention are key. It is recommended that high-risk groups have regular checkups and adjust their lifestyle and medication habits in a timely manner to reduce the risk of disease.