What is a breast cyst?

Breast cysts are benign lesions of small fluid-filled cystic structures in the breast, usually related to fluctuations in women's hormone levels. They are mostly benign, but if the cyst becomes significantly larger, painful, or accompanied by other symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately. The formation of breast cysts may involve a variety of reasons such as genetic factors, hormone fluctuations, metabolic abnormalities, or lifestyle. Symptoms can be relieved through drug treatment, lifestyle adjustments, or interventional treatments.

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1. Genetic factors

Breast cysts tend to cluster in families in some cases. If a female's immediate family has a history of breast disease, the individual's chance of developing breast cysts will increase. From a genetic point of view, it may be related to certain gene mutations. For high-risk groups, regular breast examinations, such as ultrasound or mammography, are recommended for early detection and early intervention.

2. Impact of environment and lifestyle

Environmental hormone disruptors (such as bisphenol A in plastic products, pesticide residues, etc.) may affect the hormone balance in women and lead to the formation of breast cysts. A diet that is too greasy, high in sugar or lacks fiber, staying up late and being under great stress may also cause endocrine disorders and increase the risk of disease. It is recommended to reduce exposure to environmental hormone disruptors, eat a light diet, eat more fruits and vegetables rich in dietary fiber, and maintain a regular work and rest schedule to promote the body's hormone balance.

3. Fluctuating hormone levels

Breast cysts are usually related to the periodic fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels, especially during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (after ovulation). Hormone fluctuations can cause blockage of the breast alveoli and form cystic structures. For those with obvious symptoms, hormone-regulating drugs such as birth control pills can be used under the guidance of a doctor to control the condition.

4. Physiological and metabolic abnormalities

Abnormalities in the metabolic function of the breast itself or degenerative changes in the gland may also lead to the formation of breast cysts, especially in women over 40 years old. With age, breast tissue may gradually degenerate into fat tissue, but some alveoli may become blocked, forming cystic masses. At this time, treatment is mainly based on observation, combined with lifestyle adjustments, and medication when necessary.

5. Pathological changes

In rare cases, breast cysts may be part of breast hyperplasia or may be accompanied by inflammation and infection, leading to pain and purulent discharge if left untreated for a long time. If the cyst is accompanied by a hard texture, irregular borders or bloody discharge, you should be alert to the risk of breast cancer and further clarify it through puncture cytology or biopsy.

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Common treatment options

1. Drug treatment: For patients with mild cysts or mild symptoms, coenzyme Q10 drugs or antioxidants such as vitamin E can be used as auxiliary drugs. If necessary, hormone balancing drugs can be used for a short period of time.

2. Puncture and aspiration: For larger single cysts, the fluid can be extracted through puncture to relieve symptoms and clarify the nature of the cystic fluid.

3. Surgical treatment: If the cyst recurs repeatedly or has characteristics suspected of being a malignant lesion, surgical resection of the lesion may be considered.

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Most breast cysts are benign. You should develop healthy living habits and have regular breast examinations to understand your health status. If you have a breast cyst accompanied by pain, rapid enlargement or other abnormal characteristics, please consult a doctor as soon as possible for professional evaluation and treatment.