What causes gallstones?

The formation of gallstones may be related to multiple factors such as genetics, eating habits, metabolic disorders, and abnormal gallbladder motility, and requires prevention by taking multiple factors into consideration.

Genetic factors are one of the important reasons for the formation of gallstones, and people with a family history of gallstones are at higher risk. A high-cholesterol, high-fat diet will increase the cholesterol concentration in bile, leading to crystals forming in the gallbladder and developing into gallstones. Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, are also closely related to gallstones. Another common cause is decreased gallbladder function. When the gallbladder cannot contract normally to empty the bile, the bile will be retained and promote the formation of stones. Some female patients may have slower bile flow due to the effects of hormones such as progesterone or long-term oral contraceptives, increasing the probability of gallstones. Rapid weight loss or long-term fasting that leads to bile concentration is also a potential risk for the formation of gallstones.

Prevention of gallstones requires multiple approaches. A balanced diet is essential. Reduce the intake of high-fat foods while increasing fiber-rich fruits and vegetables to help optimize bile composition. Eat regularly and avoid long-term fasting or overeating to maintain the normal function of the gallbladder. Control your weight and avoid excessive weight loss. Achieve healthy weight management through a scientific diet and aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking or swimming. For high-risk groups with a family history or chronic diseases, it is recommended to perform regular liver and gallbladder ultrasound examinations, especially when symptoms such as persistent pain in the right upper abdomen or indigestion occur, see a doctor as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis.