How to check whether breast cysts are benign or malignant

Breast cysts are common benign breast lesions, but in order to exclude the risk of malignancy, comprehensive examinations are needed for identification. Common examination methods include imaging examinations (ultrasound, mammography), puncture biopsy and blood tests. These methods can help clarify the nature of the cyst and determine whether it is benign or malignant. In the case of suspected malignant lesions, the necessary examinations should be completed as soon as possible under the guidance of a doctor and a treatment plan should be formulated.

1. Examination methods and applicable situations of breast cysts

(1) Ultrasound examination

Ultrasound is the preferred method of examining breast cysts, and can distinguish between cystic lesions (fluid-based) and solid lesions (containing solid tissue). In benign cysts, the cyst wall is usually smooth, echo-free, and the internal fluid is relatively uniform. Cysts suspected of being malignant may have features such as septa, wall nodules, or uneven echoes.

Recommendation: Once a breast cyst is found, its nature should be initially determined by ultrasound. If the cyst exhibits typical benign features, regular follow-up is sufficient in most cases.

(2) Molybdenum target examination

Mammography uses X-ray imaging and is particularly helpful in distinguishing microcalcifications from solid masses. Mammography is more suitable for evaluating breast cysts with malignant risk and early screening of breast cancer, especially lesions suspected of transforming into solid properties.

Recommendation: When ultrasound results are unclear, molybdenum target can be used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and other examination methods can be combined if necessary.

(3) Biopsy

A puncture biopsy is the "gold standard" for determining the nature of breast cysts. By aspirating cystic fluid or tissue through a needle for pathological analysis, it is possible to clearly determine whether it is benign or malignant from the microscopic structure, especially for lesions with thick cyst walls, suspicious intramural nodules, or rapid enlargement.

Recommendation: For cysts that are suspected to be malignant by imaging examination, a puncture biopsy should be performed under the guidance of a doctor for further diagnosis.

(4) Blood test

Increased levels of certain markers (such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA15-3, etc.) may indicate the possibility of malignancy of breast lesions, but they are mostly used as auxiliary indicators rather than the sole basis for diagnosis.

Recommendation: If malignancy is suspected, blood tests should be used in conjunction with other imaging and pathological examinations to ensure the accuracy of the results.

2. Characteristics of benign and malignant cysts

- Benign: clear borders, regular shape, slow growth, no obvious symptoms, usually caused by hormone level fluctuations. Common types include fibrocystic lesions, breast duct cysts, etc.

-Malignant: Irregular morphology, thick cystic wall and nodules, may be accompanied by calcification, thickening, rapid proliferation, and nipple discharge or pain.

3. Post-inspection measures

If it is confirmed to be a benign breast cyst, regular check-ups are sufficient. If the cyst affects the quality of life, minimally invasive aspiration or surgical removal can be chosen. If it is confirmed to be malignant, breast cancer treatment plans should be followed, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other personalized treatments. The earlier the treatment is, the better the effect.

Friendly reminder

Breast health requires regular attention. It is recommended to have a breast examination every year, especially for women over 35 years old. If you find any abnormalities, do not speculate on your own, and seek medical attention for professional evaluation in time. During the treatment process, maintaining a positive attitude and standardized treatment are the keys to defeating the disease. A healthy work and rest schedule and a balanced diet can also help improve overall immunity and restore health as soon as possible.