How to treat gallstones

Treatments for gallstones include medications, minimally invasive surgery, and dietary adjustments. The specific choice depends on the size of the stones, the severity of symptoms, and whether complications such as cholecystitis occur.

Gallstones are usually formed by the deposition of cholesterol, calcium salts or bilirubin in the bile, and may be caused by factors such as genetics, a high-fat diet, obesity or obstructed bile flow. Many small gallstones may be asymptomatic, but larger stones may cause pain in the right upper abdomen or back, nausea, vomiting, and even fever. If symptoms are mild, medications such as ursodeoxycholic acid can be used to dissolve cholesterol stones, but this method has limited applicability and a long cycle. For patients with frequent attacks of small stones, or complications such as cholecystitis, minimally invasive laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common option with a shorter recovery time after surgery. ERCP (endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiopancreatography) is suitable for bile duct stones or other complex conditions.

For prevention and auxiliary treatment, adjustments can be made to diet and lifestyle, such as reducing the intake of high-fat, high-cholesterol foods, consuming more vegetable oils and fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, avoiding overeating, and exercising moderately to maintain a healthy weight. Even for patients without obvious symptoms, regular physical examinations are recommended to monitor the condition. If persistent abdominal pain or symptoms of infection occur, seek medical attention as soon as possible to avoid delays to prevent more serious complications. Healthy living habits are the key to maintaining gallbladder function and reducing recurrences. At the same time, rational treatment choices can help patients return to normal life as soon as possible.