What causes anal fissure?

What are the causes of anal fissures?

When going to the toilet, many people like to squat and read books and newspapers, which leads to prolonged squatting time, easily causing anorectal congestion and inducing diseases. Smoking when going to the toilet can buffer the brain's defecation reflex and easily lead to constipation. When defecation is too difficult, some people will blindly and continuously exert force regardless of whether the defecation feeling is strong or not, which will only increase the unnecessary burden and local congestion of the anus and pelvic floor muscles, leading to the occurrence and development of anal fissures. Efforts to solve the problem of dry stool will put more pressure on the anus, resulting in a series of pathological changes such as cracks and swelling. If patients with anal fissures fail to cure constipation during treatment, constipation will worsen in the future, which will induce anal fissures again and lead to recurrent anal fissures. The main causes of infection are acute and chronic anal sinusitis, anal papillitis, internal hemorrhoids and polyps. Pathogens enter the anal glands through the gland openings, form abscesses in the subcutaneous tissue of the anal canal, and ulcerate after rupture. Superficial small thrombus thrombophlebitis caused by infection can also cause anal fissures.

How to prevent anal fissure?

Eat fresh vegetables, fruits and other foods rich in plant fiber, develop the habit of regular bowel movements every day, and drink a glass of cold boiled water on an empty stomach every morning to promote bowel movements and reduce anal fissures. Drinking water therapy has long been the most effective and cheapest way to prevent constipation. According to the physiological needs of adults, the daily intake of fluids should reach 2000-3000 ml, which is especially important in the dry climate of autumn. Drinking can be boiled water, bitter and salty water, honey rinses, and soups before and after meals. Don't drink too much strong tea or caffeinated beverages. Because the tannic acid in tea can astringe feces; on the other hand, caffeine can be diuretic and accelerate water loss. In terms of diet, it is recommended to eat more foods with high crude fiber content. Crude fiber foods can soften feces, increase defecation volume, and stimulate colon peristalsis. Patients with anal fissures should develop the habit of regular bowel movements in the morning, because the upright reflex and gastrocolic reflex after getting up in the morning can promote defecation. Participating in various sports activities, such as morning exercise and running, can prevent constipation and anal fissures.