What tests are done for gallstones?

Gallstones are usually diagnosed using ultrasound, which is the most common and noninvasive method. This is the first test recommended if you suspect you may have gallstones. Ultrasound is very effective in differentiating the size and number of stones, and can also look for other abnormalities in the gallbladder, such as inflammation or thickening of the gallbladder wall. In some cases, if ultrasound results are unclear, further imaging tests, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be needed to provide more detailed information.

The formation of gallstones is related to changes in the composition of bile, usually cholesterol or bile pigments that are deposited in the gallbladder to form stones. Symptoms include pain in the right upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting and even jaundice. The pain usually occurs after eating a meal rich in fat, because this stimulates the gallbladder to contract and push the stones. However, some people may not have obvious symptoms, a condition called "asymptomatic gallstones." For this group of people, the discovery of stones is usually an unexpected finding during other abdominal examinations.

If an ultrasound confirms the presence of gallstones and they are accompanied by significant symptoms, your doctor may recommend a cholecystectomy. This is a common surgery in which the gallbladder and stones are removed in a minimally invasive manner. For asymptomatic gallstones, immediate intervention is usually not required and regular monitoring can be done. Small stones may disappear on their own with the help of some medications, but this is rare. In addition, certain dietary changes such as reducing fat intake and increasing fiber intake may also help relieve symptoms, but they cannot cure gallstones.

Regarding gallstones, if you experience severe right upper abdominal pain or symptoms such as fever or jaundice, it is recommended that you seek medical advice as soon as possible. Maintaining good living habits and avoiding excessive drinking and high-cholesterol foods can help prevent the formation of gallstones. Regular physical examinations are also an effective way to detect asymptomatic gallstones. For such patients, regular follow-up examinations can help to understand changes in the condition in a timely manner.