What causes gallstones?

The formation of gallstones is usually due to an imbalance of substances in the bile, which causes cholesterol or bile salts to deposit in the gallbladder and form stones. Common causes include genetic factors, improper diet, obesity, chronic diseases, etc.

The formation of gallstones is related to many factors. Genetic factors are one of the main causes of gallstones, and people with a family history are more likely to suffer from this disease. Excessive cholesterol levels in bile or incomplete gallbladder emptying can also increase the risk of stone formation. A high-fat, high-cholesterol, low-fiber lifestyle, especially excessive intake of animal fat and refined sugar, can easily lead to cholesterol oversaturation and the formation of stones. Chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and liver disease can also increase the risk of gallstones. Women have a higher incidence of gallstones due to fluctuations in hormone levels in their bodies, especially when they are pregnant or using oral contraceptives. Long-term lack of exercise and rapid weight loss can also lead to gallbladder emptying disorders, further increasing the possibility of stone formation.

Treatment options for gallstones include conservative and surgical treatment. Small, asymptomatic gallstones can be observed and managed with regular checkups and a healthy diet and lifestyle. Medication, such as ursodeoxycholic acid, can help dissolve some cholesterol stones, but the effects are limited. For cases with significant symptoms or large stones that affect gallbladder function, surgical removal of the gallbladder is the most common treatment, usually done laparoscopically and with a faster recovery. For prevention, reducing high-fat diets, maintaining a healthy weight, and increasing dietary fiber intake can help reduce the risk of gallstones.

If you experience abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea, or other symptoms, especially severe right upper abdominal pain, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible to avoid delaying treatment. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and regular checkups can effectively reduce the occurrence and recurrence of gallstones and maintain good gallbladder health.