Difference between breast cysts and tumors

The main difference between breast cysts and tumors is their different nature, causes and health risks. Breast cysts are usually fluid cystic structures in breast tissue and are mostly benign; breast tumors are abnormal proliferations of solid tissue and may be benign or malignant. Diagnosis requires ultrasound examination, fine needle puncture and biopsy when necessary.

1) Difference in properties

Breast cysts are fluid-filled cystic lesions that are mostly simple benign lesions with little risk of becoming cancerous. Breast tumors, on the other hand, are abnormal proliferations of breast tissue that may be benign (such as fibroadenomas) or malignant (breast cancer). Cysts are usually soft or tense, while tumors are usually hard.

2) Different causes

The formation of breast cysts is related to endocrine fluctuations and elevated estrogen levels, especially during women's menstrual cycles, pregnancy and around menopause; the formation of tumors can be affected by genetics, irregular proliferation of breast tissue and environmental factors (such as radiation, smoking and drinking). Breast cysts are more common in women aged 30-50, while tumors can occur at any age, but breast cancer is more common in postmenopausal women.

3) Examination methods and diagnosis

Ultrasound examination is an important method to distinguish between cysts and tumors. Breast cysts appear as anechoic or hypoechoic structures with smooth borders and internal fluid on imaging, while tumors (especially malignant tumors) have irregular borders and abnormal echoes. Confirming a cyst usually does not require invasive examinations, but suspected tumors require a puncture biopsy to clarify the pathological nature.

4) Symptoms and health risks

Breast cysts usually have no obvious symptoms. Only when the cyst is large or accompanied by inflammation may breast tenderness occur. Benign tumors have mild symptoms, while malignant tumors can cause breast deformation, tenderness, skin dimpling, etc. Breast cancer is particularly alert to elevated laboratory indicators (such as CA15-3) and accompanied by swollen lymph nodes.

5) Treatment recommendations

-Breast cysts: Regular check-ups are sufficient. Symptoms can be relieved through puncture and fluid extraction or oral medication (such as progesterone regulation). In terms of diet, reduce the intake of high-fat and greasy foods and choose more plant-based foods such as beans and vegetables.

- Benign breast tumors: such as fibroadenomas, those with a diameter less than 2 cm can be observed, while those larger than 2 cm may be considered for removal.

-Breast malignancies: surgery (such as mastectomy or local surgery), chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy are the main treatment options.

Breast cysts and tumors have their own characteristics. Differentiating them requires professional medical examinations and following doctor's advice. Women should have regular breast examinations and seek medical attention in a timely manner if any abnormalities are found to reduce potential health risks. Paying attention to self-palpation and maintaining healthy living habits are important foundations for maintaining breast health.