How to distinguish anal polyps from hemorrhoids

Anal polyps and hemorrhoids are two common anal diseases. Although their symptoms are similar, their causes and treatments are different. Anal polyps are mostly benign tumors formed by intestinal mucosal hyperplasia, while hemorrhoids are caused by anal varicose veins or downward displacement of anal cushions. To distinguish between the two, it is necessary to combine symptoms, signs and medical examinations. Timely medical treatment for a clear diagnosis is the key.

1. The difference between the symptoms of anal polyps and hemorrhoids

Anal polyps usually present as painless bleeding during bowel movements. The blood is bright red and adheres to the surface of the stool. Some patients may also have mucus in the stool or changes in bowel habits. Hemorrhoids are divided into internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids mainly present as painless blood in the stool, while external hemorrhoids may be accompanied by anal pain, itching, or protruding lumps. Anal polyps generally do not cause obvious pain, but hemorrhoids may cause severe pain during acute attacks.

2. Cause analysis

The formation of anal polyps is related to factors such as genetics, eating habits, and chronic inflammation. A long-term high-fat, low-fiber diet may increase the risk of polyps. The cause of hemorrhoids is related to increased anal venous pressure caused by long-term sitting, constipation, pregnancy, etc. Anal polyps may be related to intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, while hemorrhoids are more related to lifestyle habits.

3. Diagnostic methods

Digital rectal examination and anoscopy are important means of initial diagnosis. Anal polyps usually need to be confirmed by colonoscopy, and pathological biopsy is performed if necessary to rule out malignant lesions. For hemorrhoids, the size and location of hemorrhoids can be directly observed through an anoscope. For complex cases, the doctor may recommend ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

4. Treatment methods

The treatment of anal polyps is mainly surgical resection, and common methods include endoscopic polypectomy, transanal local resection or laparoscopic surgery. Regular follow-up examinations are required after surgery to prevent recurrence. The treatment of hemorrhoids varies according to the severity. Mild hemorrhoids can be relieved by dietary adjustments such as increasing dietary fiber and warm water sitz baths; moderate hemorrhoids can be relieved by sclerosant injections and rubber band ligation; severe hemorrhoids may require surgical resection.

5. Prevention and daily care

To prevent anal polyps, you need to pay attention to a balanced diet, reduce the intake of high-fat foods, increase the proportion of vegetables and fruits, and perform colonoscopy regularly. To prevent hemorrhoids, you need to avoid sitting or standing for long periods of time, maintain regular bowel habits, and avoid straining during bowel movements. Both require attention to anal hygiene to avoid infection.

Although anal polyps and hemorrhoids have similar symptoms, their causes and treatments are different. Timely medical attention and accurate diagnosis are key, and early intervention can effectively reduce the risk of complications. Both diseases can be effectively prevented and managed by adjusting lifestyle habits, regular physical examinations, and scientific treatment.