What are the symptoms of kidney stones and urinary stones?

Symptoms of kidney and urinary stones mainly include severe pain in the lower back or abdomen, blood in the urine, frequent urination, and urgency to urinate. These symptoms may vary depending on the size, location, and movement of the stones. Treatment options include medication, surgery, and lifestyle adjustments.

1. Genetic factors: People with a family history of kidney stones are more likely to develop the disease. Genetic factors may lead to metabolic abnormalities in the body and increase the risk of stone formation. It is recommended that people with a family history undergo regular physical examinations for early detection and intervention.

2. Environmental factors: High salt, high protein, high sugar intake in the diet, as well as insufficient drinking water, may increase the risk of stone formation. It is recommended to reduce salt and protein intake, increase water intake, and maintain daily urine volume above 2 liters.

3. Physiological factors: Patients with chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are more likely to form stones. These diseases may cause metabolic disorders in the body and increase the risk of stone formation. It is recommended to control weight, manage chronic diseases, and regularly monitor relevant indicators.

4. Trauma: Trauma to the urinary system may lead to the formation of stones. You should seek medical attention promptly after the trauma, and undergo relevant examinations and treatment to avoid the formation of stones.

5. Pathological factors: Urinary tract infection, urinary tract obstruction and other diseases may lead to stone formation. Urinary tract infection should be treated with antibiotics in time, and urinary tract obstruction may require surgical intervention.

In terms of drug treatment, commonly used drugs include diuretics, analgesics and antibiotics. Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide can help expel stones, analgesics such as ibuprofen can relieve pain, and antibiotics such as cephalosporins can treat urinary tract infections.

In terms of surgical treatment, commonly used methods include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is suitable for smaller stones, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is suitable for larger stones, and ureteroscopic lithotripsy is suitable for ureteral stones.

In terms of lifestyle adjustments, it is recommended to increase water intake and maintain daily urine volume above 2 liters; reduce salt and protein intake, avoid high-sugar diet; exercise moderately, control weight, and manage chronic diseases.

Symptoms of kidney and urinary stones vary, and treatment methods also vary from person to person. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly when relevant symptoms occur, and undergo detailed examinations and treatment. Medication, surgery, and lifestyle adjustments can effectively relieve symptoms and prevent stone recurrence.