Breast cysts are classified into several categories

Breast cysts are mainly classified according to their size, nature and whether they have malignant tendencies. They are usually divided into three categories: benign cysts, complex cysts and suspected malignant cysts.

Benign cysts are usually more common. They are a type of non-neoplastic lesion associated with hormone level fluctuations. They often appear as single or multiple small cysts that are smooth, clearly demarcated, and soft to the touch. Ultrasound examination shows no echo or low echo, and the interior is liquid with no obvious signs of malignancy. Complex cysts may contain solid parts or partitions, and appear low echo or mixed echo in ultrasound examination. They are between benign and malignant types and require further observation or puncture biopsy. Suspected malignant cysts are common in cases with unclear boundaries, irregular shapes, low echo internal structures mixed with solid components, and accompanied by calcification or blood flow signals. Such cysts may indicate malignant lesions and require puncture biopsy or histopathological examination as soon as possible. Breast cysts can also be divided into small cysts (less than 1 cm) and large cysts (greater than 1 cm) according to the amount of internal fluid and the size of the cyst. Larger cysts are more likely to cause pressure or pain symptoms.

If diagnosed as a benign cyst, generally no special treatment is required. Regular follow-up and lifestyle adjustments can be made, such as avoiding a high-fat diet, maintaining a regular schedule, and exercising moderately. Complex cysts require a decision on whether to undergo puncture treatment based on the results of the review. Common methods include ultrasound-guided puncture aspiration or injection of sclerotherapy. For suspected malignant cysts, patients should be referred to a breast specialist as soon as possible. Specific treatments include surgical resection, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Women are advised to undergo regular physical examinations and breast ultrasound screening, especially to observe breast changes during menstruation, to detect problems in a timely manner, and to take measures.