Is there a relationship between kidney stones and water quality? How to treat it?

The formation of kidney stones is related to water quality, and treatment methods include medication, surgery, and dietary adjustments. The high mineral content in water may increase the risk of stones, and treatment can be carried out by drinking more water, using drugs to remove stones, or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

1. The relationship between water quality and kidney stones mainly depends on the mineral content in the water, especially calcium, magnesium and carbonate. Long-term drinking of hard water with high mineral content may increase the mineral concentration in urine and promote stone formation. Soft water with low mineral content is relatively safe. Pollutants in water such as heavy metals may also indirectly affect kidney function and increase the risk of stones. It is recommended to choose filtered water or purified water for drinking to reduce mineral intake.

2. Drug treatment is a common method for kidney stones and is suitable for smaller stones. Commonly used drugs include alpha receptor blockers such as tamsulosin to help relax the ureter and promote stone excretion; potassium citrate is used to adjust urine pH to prevent stone formation; diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide can reduce urinary calcium excretion and reduce the risk of stone recurrence. Specific medication should be taken under the guidance of a doctor.

3. Surgical treatment is suitable for larger or difficult-to-expel stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) uses high-energy shock waves to break up stones for easier expulsion; percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) directly removes stones in a minimally invasive manner; and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) crushes or removes stones through an endoscope. The choice of surgery should be determined based on the size and location of the stones and the patient's health status.

4. Diet adjustment is an important measure to prevent and treat kidney stones. Drinking plenty of water is the basis. It is recommended to drink 2-3 liters of water per day to dilute urine and reduce mineral precipitation. Reduce the intake of high-oxalate foods such as spinach, chocolate and high-salt foods, and avoid excessive intake of animal protein. Increasing foods rich in citric acid such as lemons and oranges can help inhibit stone formation. Supplement calcium in moderation to avoid increased oxalate absorption due to a low-calcium diet.

The formation of kidney stones is closely related to water quality, eating habits and individual metabolism. Treatment requires a combination of medication, surgery and lifestyle adjustments. Through scientific management and preventive measures, the risk of stones can be effectively reduced and recovery can be promoted.