Why is the incidence of gallstones higher in women than in men?

The higher incidence of gallstones in women than in men is mainly related to a variety of factors, including estrogen levels, metabolic characteristics in the body, and lifestyle habits. Studies have found that estrogen in women promotes increased cholesterol secretion, and excessive cholesterol in bile is one of the main causes of gallstones.

Due to their physiological characteristics, women's estrogen levels fluctuate significantly, especially during pregnancy, while taking oral contraceptives, or receiving hormone replacement therapy after menopause. Estrogen prompts the liver to secrete more cholesterol into the bile, and excessive cholesterol excretion may cause the bile to be oversaturated, which can easily lead to stone formation. During different physiological stages of women, such as pregnancy, the contraction function of the gallbladder is weakened due to the effect of progesterone, and bile is easily retained in the gallbladder, which also increases the possibility of stone formation. Some lifestyle factors, such as sitting for long periods of time, a high-fat diet or obesity, can also increase the risk of gallstones in women.

To reduce the risk of gallstones, women can adjust their cholesterol levels by improving their diet, maintaining proper exercise, and managing their weight. For example, they can eat more foods rich in dietary fiber such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, reduce high-fat foods and sugar intake, avoid sitting for long periods of time, and promote metabolism and bile excretion through regular exercise. If there is a need to take hormonal drugs for a long time, it is recommended to adjust the medication under the guidance of a professional doctor. For women with obvious symptoms that affect their quality of life, minimally invasive surgery (such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy) is a common treatment method, and drug dissolution (such as ursodeoxycholic acid) or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can also be options for individual patients.

Regardless of whether there are symptoms or not, if gallstones are diagnosed, regular follow-up should be conducted under the guidance of a professional physician. Especially for women, it is important to pay attention to the long-term effects of weight management and a healthy diet. If you experience symptoms such as right upper abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting, you should seek medical attention immediately. Protecting your own health requires not only prevention, but also active response when problems are discovered.