What causes ventricular septal defect in infants?

The main cause of ventricular septal defect in infants is abnormal embryonic development. Treatment includes medication, surgery and regular follow-up. Ventricular septal defect is a common congenital heart disease, which refers to an abnormal opening in the septum between the left and right ventricles of the heart, resulting in abnormal shunting of blood between the ventricles.

Abnormal embryonic development is the main cause of ventricular septal defect. During the formation of the heart in the embryonic period, the ventricular septum gradually fuses and closes. If the fusion is incomplete or abnormal, a defect will form. Genetic factors may increase the risk of disease, and certain gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities are associated with ventricular septal defects. Environmental factors such as maternal exposure to certain drugs, infections or chemicals during pregnancy may also affect fetal heart development. Maternal diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or malnutrition during pregnancy may increase the risk of fetal heart abnormalities.

Drug therapy is mainly used to relieve symptoms and control complications. Diuretics can reduce the burden on the heart and reduce pulmonary congestion; cardiotonic drugs such as digoxin can enhance heart contractility; vasodilators such as captopril can lower blood pressure and improve heart function. Surgical treatment is the main method for curing ventricular septal defect. Minimally invasive interventional occlusion uses a catheter to deliver the occluder to the defect for occlusion, which has small trauma and fast recovery; open-chest repair is suitable for larger or complex defects, and the defect is repaired by direct suturing or patching; hybrid surgery combines the advantages of interventional and surgical operations and is suitable for special cases. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor the progression of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment, including cardiac ultrasound, electrocardiogram and other examinations. The doctor will adjust the treatment plan according to the condition.

Early diagnosis and timely treatment of ventricular septal defect in infants are crucial to improving prognosis. Parents should pay close attention to the growth and development of their infants, conduct regular physical examinations, and seek medical treatment in a timely manner if any abnormalities are found. Through standardized treatment and scientific management, most children can achieve a good prognosis and grow up healthily.