What type of gallstones are

Gallstones are a common disease in the digestive system, mainly including three types: cholesterol stones, pigment stones and mixed stones. Cholesterol stones are the most common type, accounting for about 80% of the total number of gallstones. These stones are mainly composed of cholesterol and a smaller amount of calcium salts and pigments, and are usually yellow or light green. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism or cholestasis can easily lead to this type of stones. Pigment stones are composed of bilirubin, calcium salts, etc., and are often dark in color, mainly seen in patients with liver disease or blood disease. Mixed stones contain both cholesterol and pigment components, and their complex composition makes diagnosis and treatment difficult.

There are many reasons for the formation of gallstones, including genetic factors, external environmental and physiological factors and certain pathological conditions. It was found that people with a family history have a higher risk of gallstones, indicating that genetics plays an important role. High-calorie, high-fat eating habits, as well as specific geographical eating habits, increase the concentration of cholesterol in bile, which can easily lead to stone formation. Physiological factors such as obesity, diabetes, and liver disease can also affect the normal secretion of bile and the metabolism of cholesterol, thereby inducing gallstones. Among pathological factors, certain chronic diseases, cirrhosis, or a history of blood transfusions increase the risk of pigment stones.

There are many reasons for the formation of gallstones, including genetic factors, external environmental and physiological factors and certain pathological conditions. It was found that people with a family history have a higher risk of gallstones, indicating that genetics plays an important role. High-calorie, high-fat eating habits, as well as specific geographical eating habits, increase the concentration of cholesterol in bile, which can easily lead to stone formation. Physiological factors such as obesity, diabetes, and liver disease can also affect the normal secretion of bile and the metabolism of cholesterol, thereby inducing gallstones. Among pathological factors, certain chronic diseases, cirrhosis, or a history of blood transfusions increase the risk of pigment stones.

The first step in treating gallstones is to drink plenty of water to keep bile diluted and flowing normally. Drug therapy is a commonly used non-surgical treatment, such as oral deoxycholic acid for lithotripsy. Ultrasonic shock wave therapy is also suitable for patients who do not need surgery, using shock waves to break up smaller stones. For large stones or multiple stones, endoscopic surgery, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, is usually recommended, which has high efficiency and fast recovery. In terms of diet, increasing the intake of fruits, whole grains and low-fat milk, reducing the intake of meat and high-fat foods, combined with moderate aerobic exercise, such as jogging and swimming, can help prevent stone formation. Reasonable dietary adjustments and lifestyle changes and regular physical examinations can help detect and control the disease early and protect the health of the gallbladder. At the same time, if any symptoms such as abdominal pain and jaundice occur, be sure to seek medical attention in time to avoid worsening of the disease. Having a positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle can effectively control the gallstone condition and achieve a better quality of life.