Causes of aneurysm rupture

A ruptured aneurysm is a serious health risk that can lead to a hemorrhagic stroke or even death. The main causes include high blood pressure, structural abnormalities in the artery wall, and trauma. High blood pressure puts more pressure on the artery wall, which over time may cause the artery wall to thin and form an aneurysm. Structural abnormalities in the artery wall, such as arteriosclerosis or inherited connective tissue diseases, can also make the artery wall fragile and increase the risk of rupture. Trauma, especially a severe blow to the head or abdomen, can directly lead to a ruptured aneurysm.

1. Genetic factors: People with a family history of aneurysms are more likely to develop aneurysms because genetic factors may lead to structural abnormalities in the arterial wall. If there is a family history of aneurysms or related diseases, vascular examinations should be performed regularly to detect potential risks in a timely manner.

2. Environmental factors: Smoking, high-fat diet and lack of exercise are all risk factors for aneurysms. Smoking damages the vascular endothelium and increases the risk of aneurysm formation and rupture. It is recommended to quit smoking and maintain a healthy diet, reduce the intake of high-fat foods, and increase the proportion of vegetables and fruits.

3. Physiological factors: Hypertension is the most common cause of aneurysm rupture. Long-term hypertension can cause the arterial wall to be subjected to continuous high pressure, leading to thinning and rupture of the arterial wall. Controlling blood pressure is the key to preventing aneurysm rupture. It is recommended to monitor blood pressure regularly and use antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of a doctor when necessary.

4. Trauma: Severe trauma, such as a car accident or a collision during intense exercise, may directly lead to aneurysm rupture. When engaging in high-risk activities, appropriate protective measures should be taken, such as wearing a helmet or using protective equipment, to reduce the risk of trauma.

5. Pathological factors: The size and shape of the aneurysm also affect its risk of rupture. Larger aneurysms and irregularly shaped aneurysms are more likely to rupture. Regular imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scans, can monitor changes in aneurysms in a timely manner.

In terms of treatment, emergency surgical treatment is required after an aneurysm ruptures. Common surgical methods include aneurysm clipping and endovascular embolization. Aneurysm clipping is a procedure that uses a special clip to clamp the neck of the aneurysm through craniotomy or laparotomy to prevent further rupture. Intravascular embolization is the process of delivering embolic materials into the aneurysm through a catheter to occlude it and reduce the risk of rupture. Drug therapy such as antihypertensive drugs and antiplatelet drugs can control blood pressure and reduce thrombosis, thereby reducing the risk of rupture.

The key to preventing aneurysm rupture is to control risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking and a high-fat diet, and to have regular physical examinations and imaging tests. Early detection and timely treatment can significantly reduce the risk of aneurysm rupture and protect life safety.