Symptoms and diagnosis of gallstones

Typical symptoms of gallstones include right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and indigestion, which may cause jaundice or fever in severe cases. The diagnosis of gallstones mainly relies on imaging examinations such as ultrasound and CT scans.

Gallstones are abnormal accumulations of crystals in the gallbladder, often presenting as asymptomatic or intermittent right upper abdominal pain, especially after a high-fat meal. Some patients also experience nonspecific symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or indigestion. If the stones block the bile duct, it can cause severe biliary colic accompanied by jaundice or fever, which is a sign of cholangitis or pancreatitis. When diagnosing, ultrasound examination is the preferred method, which can confirm the presence and size of stones; CT can be used to further understand changes in the gallbladder wall or complications; if necessary, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP) can help evaluate lesions in the bile duct system. Laboratory tests such as liver function and blood routine can also provide auxiliary information, especially when bile duct infection is suspected.

To prevent and manage gallstones, controlling diet is key. A low-fat, high-fiber diet, such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, is recommended to reduce the intake of high-cholesterol foods. For patients with existing symptoms, drug lithotripsy such as ursodeoxycholic acid can be used, but the course of treatment is long and the effect is limited. When symptoms are severe or recurrent, surgical removal of the gallbladder is recommended. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the first choice, with less trauma and faster recovery. Usually, you should pay attention to a regular diet and avoid overeating. Appropriate exercise can help reduce the risk of gallstones. If severe pain or jaundice occurs, you should seek medical attention in time to avoid delaying treatment.