What are the causes of intestinal obstruction in newborns?

The main causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction include congenital developmental abnormalities, infection, meconium blockage, etc., and targeted treatment should be taken according to the specific cause.

1. Congenital developmental abnormalities

Congenital intestinal atresia, intestinal malrotation, congenital megacolon, etc. are common causes of intestinal obstruction in neonates. These diseases are related to abnormal intestinal structure during embryonic development. For example, intestinal atresia is caused by the incomplete development of a certain section of the intestine, resulting in intestinal obstruction; intestinal malrotation is the failure of the intestine to rotate normally during development, causing intestinal torsion or compression. For such cases, surgical treatment is usually required, such as intestinal anastomosis, intestinal torsion reduction, etc., to restore intestinal patency.

2. Infection

Newborns have weak immunity and are prone to intestinal infections, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This infection can cause inflammation and edema of the intestinal wall, and in severe cases, cause intestinal obstruction. Treatment of infectious intestinal obstruction requires the use of antibiotics to control the infection, supplemented with parenteral nutrition support, and surgical removal of necrotic intestinal segments if necessary.

3. Meconium blockage

Meconium ileus is a common type of intestinal obstruction in newborns, most commonly in children with cystic fibrosis. The meconium is too thick and difficult to pass, blocking the intestine. Treatment can be with an enema or medications such as N-acetylcysteine ​​to soften the meconium and make it pass more easily. If this is ineffective, surgery may be required to remove the blockage.

4. Other reasons

Neonatal intestinal obstruction may also be caused by intussusception, hernia, etc. Intussusception is when one part of the intestine is inserted into another part, causing intestinal obstruction; hernia is when the contents of the abdominal cavity protrude through a weak part of the abdominal wall and compress the intestine. These conditions usually require surgical treatment, such as intussusception reduction surgery, hernia repair, etc.

The causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction are complex, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Parents should closely observe the bowel movements of newborns. If symptoms such as abdominal distension, vomiting, and difficulty defecating occur, they should seek medical attention in a timely manner. Doctors will take appropriate treatment measures based on the cause to ensure that the child recovers as soon as possible.