Early complications of fractures are

What are the early complications of fractures?

1. Traumatic shock: Shock in patients is mostly caused by severe traumatic stimulation or heavy bleeding. It is more common in multiple fractures, fractures with heavy bleeding such as pelvic fractures, femoral shaft fractures, or fractures combined with internal organ injuries such as liver and spleen ruptures.

2. Internal organ injury: mostly caused by violent behavior or movement of the fracture end, which may cause complications of internal organ damage, such as lung injury, liver and spleen rupture, bladder urethra and duodenum injury, etc.

3. Infection: It is the most common complication in fracture patients, and is common in open fractures. If the wound is not cleaned immediately or the cleansing is incomplete, purulent infection or Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection may occur.

4. Fat embolism: It is one of the most serious complications of fractures. It often occurs after long-bone fractures, when bone marrow fat invades the blood and causes fat embolism in internal organs and tissues. Clinically, patients with mild symptoms are often ignored. This can lead to sudden death, shock, coma, acute pulmonary edema or pneumonia-like conditions.

5. Brain and spinal cord injuries: common in skull fractures and spinal fractures. Fractures in this location often combine with brain and spinal cord injuries, leading to brain contusion or intracranial hematoma and spinal nerve stress or tearing, which can seriously endanger life or leave paraplegia.

6. Abducens nerve damage: common in body fractures. The more common nerve injuries include radial nerve damage caused by fractures of the middle and lower third of the humerus, and common abducens nerve damage caused by fractures of the upper quarter of the fibula.

7. Vascular damage: common in severe open fractures, firearm fractures and closed fractures with large movements, such as femoral fractures injuring the femoral artery.

8. Ischemic muscle atrophy: It is mostly caused by the obstruction of blood circulation in the injured limb due to the force or obvious stimulation of the aorta, which leads to cerebral ischemic muscle atrophy to a certain extent. In the upper limbs, it is common to have deep fractures of the ribs or double fractures of the upper arm, and in the lower limbs, it is common to have fractures above the ilium or supracondylar femoral head.