There are several types of gallstones

Gallstones can be divided into three main types: cholesterol stones, pigment stones, and mixed stones. Understanding these types can help us better prevent and deal with this common digestive disease.

Cholesterol stones are formed due to the oversaturation of cholesterol in bile and are the most common type of gallstones. These stones are usually light yellow in color and are common in people with obesity, high fat intake in the diet, and metabolic disorders. Pigment stones are caused by an increase in bilirubin in the bile and are usually dark brown or black. This type is often associated with cirrhosis, chronic hemolytic diseases, and biliary infections. Mixed stones, as the name suggests, contain two components, cholesterol and pigment, and show the characteristics of a mixture of the two types.

When learning more about the specifics of gallstones, you'll notice that each type can cause different symptoms. For example, symptoms of cholesterol stones may include sudden and severe pain in the upper abdomen, often after eating a high-fat meal. Symptoms of pigment stones may be similar to those of chronic liver disease, with jaundice, fatigue, and other symptoms. If the stones cause a bile duct obstruction, it can lead to serious conditions such as acute cholecystitis or pancreatitis. Knowing the symptoms can help you recognize them early and take action.

To prevent the formation of gallstones, some small habits in life can play a role. Controlling weight and eating a healthy diet are key, as excessive obesity or rapid weight loss may increase the risk of gallstones. Increase dietary fiber in your diet and reduce the intake of high-cholesterol and high-fat foods. For example, fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, moderate amounts of lean meat, low-fat proteins such as fish, and whole grains are all good choices. Also ensure proper exercise to help maintain healthy cholesterol levels. If you have chronic liver disease or other diseases that may cause pigment stones, regular checkups are very important. Once suspected symptoms appear, it is the safest choice to seek professional medical advice in a timely manner.